Lamprophyre or Lamproite Dyke in the SW Tarim Block?--Discussion on the Petrogenesis of These Rocks and Their Source Region

The mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies on Keliyang (克里阳) potassic dykes have been carried out to understand their rock types, the petrogenesis and the nature of their mantle sources. They are potassic lamprophyre, not lamproites as the previous researchers believed. In this study, the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of another 6 lamproite dykes recently discovered are reported. Major elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) techniques, while REE and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). They can be classified into phlogopite-diopside lamprophyre, leucite-diopside lamprophyre and granular carbonatite-bearing diopside lamprophyre on the basis of their mineral components. They are all characterized by relatively low SiO2 (41.31% -44. 84%), TiO2 (0.75% -0.86%) and high MgO (7.30%-11.33%), K2O (4.01%-6.01%) concentrations with K2O/Na2O ratios of 2. 77-12.49. In addition, they display enrichment in large-ion iithophile elements (LILEs, e. g., Rb, Sr,Ba) and LREE, but a relative depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. , Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti). They display similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.64-0. 82), and high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, which resemble those of high K/Ti and low-Ti potassic magmas formed in subduction-related settings. Consequently, we suggest that the parental magma was generated by partial melting of the phlogopite-amphibole- bearing garnet lherzolite within the lithospheric mantle that might have been metasomatized by a potassium-bearing fluid released from a subduction oceanic crust.     

Cumulative damage‐based inelastic cyclic demand spectrum

The estimation of cyclic deformation demand resulting from earthquake loads is crucial to the core objective of performance‐based design if the damage and residual capacity of the system following a seismic event needs to be evaluated. A simplified procedure to develop the cyclic demand spectrum for use in preliminary seismic evaluation and design is proposed in this paper. The methodology is based on estimating the number of equivalent cycles at a specified ductility. The cyclic demand spectrum is then determined using well‐established relationships between seismic input energy and dissipated hysteretic energy. An interesting feature of the proposed procedure is the incorporation of a design spectrum into the proposed procedure. It is demonstrated that the force–deformation characteristics of the system, the ductility‐based force‐reduction factor R_μ, and the ground motion characteristics play a significant role in the cyclic demand imposed on a structure during severe earthquakes. Current design philosophy which is primarily based on peak response amplitude considers cyclic degradation only in an implicit manner through detailing requirements based on observed experimental testing. Findings from this study indicate that cumulative effects are important for certain structures, classified in this study by the initial fundamental period, and should be incorporated into the design process. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geoarchaeological evidence for multidecadal natural climatic variability and ancient Peruvian fisheries

Understanding the influence of natural climatic variability on modern fisheries is complicated by over a century of industrial fishing. Archaeological data provide unique opportunities for assessing precolonial and preindustrial fisheries. Records show that anchoveta-vs sardine-dominated fisheries correlate with 20th-century climate change in the Pacific Basin and are linked to multidecadal climatic variability. The “anchovy regime” is characterized by cooler conditions and lower frequency El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, while the “sardine regime” is associated with warmer conditions and higher frequency ENSO. Fish remains excavated at Lo Demás, an Inca-period (ca. A.D. 1480–1540) fishing site at 13°25′S on the Peruvian coast, document a shift from an anchoveta-to a sardine-dominated fishery at about A.D. 1500. This shift correlates with records for increasing ENSO frequency at the same time. Middle and late Holocene sites have archaeofish assemblages that also suggest regime changes. Here we show that changes in fish regimes can result from natural variability and we support the potential role of archaeological assemblages in tracking multidecadal climate change in the Pacific Basin throughout the Holocene (0–11,500 cal yr B.P.).     

生活时间调查研究回顾与展望

随着人们对时间认识的不断深入,生活时间成为生活质量的主要测定指标之一。本文在回顾生活时间调查研究发展过程的基础上,重点介绍了日本和中国生活时间调查及研究的现状特征,并对时空间研究进行了展望。     

白垩-第三纪界线样品异常铱的赋存状态及其地质意义

 通过对地质样品中铱的赋存状态研究及对残渣相中微粒的透射电镜分析,得出:在K-T界线样品中铱主要存在于残渣相中,不利于地球化学过程富集铱;铱在残渣相的富集与有机不溶物的存在没有必然联系;白垩-第三纪的生物绝灭事件中有火山活动参与;K-T界线事件的触发物为地外物质撞击。最后提出了K-T界线样品异常铱来源于地外物质撞击和火山喷发的混合模型。     

吉林东部花岗岩风化的地球化学

描述了吉林东部花岗岩风化壳的特征。研究了花岗岩风化过程中主要造岩矿物的变化特点;建立了主要造岩矿物的风化序列。研究了主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学行为;探讨了影响风化过程中元素行为的主要因素。计算了风化速率。     

Reviving and characterizing three species of dinoflagellate cysts dormant for about 70 years in the East China Sea: Biecheleria brevisulcata,Biecheleriopsis adriatica,and Scrippsiella donghaienis

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Many marine dinoflagellates can form resting cysts as a part of their life cycle, and the cysts could be buried in sediment and remained viable for as long as...     

OFDM载波通讯系统在煤层气测井中的应用

测井系统因带宽、调制技术及模拟传输等技术问题,数据传输速率慢且误码率高,难以满足煤层气测井的传输要求,为此设计了基于正交频分复用调制(OFDM)技术的测井电缆高速数据传输系统。该系统采用MAX2991/MAX2992芯片组实现了地面与井下调制解调器的全数字传输,在3~100kHz带宽、BPSK子载波条件下,5km四芯电缆传输速率可达到100Kbit,且误码率小于10-8。该系统在煤层气固井质量检测应用中,有效解决了原模拟系统中存在的全波列信号衰减大、易受干扰等问题,保证了全波列信号的无失真采集和传输,提高了对水泥环胶结质量评价的准确性。     

东天山黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦-氩同位素示踪

黄土坡铜锌矿床是东天山卡拉塔格地区一中型海相火山岩型块状硫化物（VHMS）矿床,赋存于早志留世海相火山-沉积岩系中。矿体产于酸性火山角砾岩与凝灰岩之间,主矿体呈厚大的扁豆状,矿石主要呈块状、浸染状、条带状和网脉状构造。本文报道了黄土坡铜锌矿床成矿流体的氦和氩同位素组成,黄铁矿流体包裹体的³He 含量低,介于0.039×10^-12 cm³ STP/g～0.64×10^-12 cm³ STP/g,n（³He）/n（⁴He）值为 0.11～0.94 Ra,介于壳源He与幔源He之间。⁴⁰Ar 含量变化于 3.49×10^-8cm³ STP/g～34.25×10^-8 cm³ STP/g 之间,n（⁴⁰Ar）/n（³⁶Ar）介于301.40～425.98 之间。成矿流体中有幔源 He（1.71%～10.97%）和放射性成因 Ar（⁴⁰Ar*含量为1.96%～30.63%）。结合矿床包裹体及 H-O-S 同位素特征,认为幔源流体和富放射性成因He 和Ar 的海水参与了成矿。     

地下空间激光扫描点云精度对比分析

利用4种激光扫描设备对地下空间扫描,针对获得的点云数据,用全站仪测量研究区内特征点三维坐标,统一点云空间参考;并从点云数据中获取特征点坐标,与测量的三维坐标对比分析。结果显示：推扫式激光扫描设备比架站式精度略低,最弱方向中误差为0.128 m,而架站式为0.039 m;用推扫式激光扫描设备对地下空间进行测量,能满足1∶500数字线划图的测量精度要求。