宜昌站1882-2007年径流变化规律分析

以长江流域宜昌站1882-2007年的天然径流序列为基础数据,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析等统计方法,对径流序列各年代年内变化和年际分配变化进行了分析.结果表明,年内变化中,宜昌站径流分配不均匀,各个年代径流量集中在汛期;不均匀性和集中程度以20世纪20-50年代最明显,21世纪初最不明显,其他年份均介于二者之间,差别不大.在年际变化中,宜昌站多年径流量呈现减少的趋势,但并不显著;1935年左右为径流突变年份,径流量由突变前的14432 m3/s减少到突变后的13471 m3/s,减少了961 m3/s;多年径流量均存在12a和27 a的变化周期.     

地形暴雨的多普勒天气雷达观测分析

为了进一步揭示地形对暴雨的影响,提高强降水的预报、监测和预警能力,针对三次落区于太行山东部迎风坡的暴雨天气,通过对多普勒天气雷达的观测分析发现:三次暴雨均为积层混合型絮状回波,受太行山地形的影响,无论回波移动方向如何,在偏东风作用下,较强回波均在太行山东侧迎风坡加强(或有新生)、合并、移速减慢,对应降水加强;三次过程径向速度场均为连续的大尺度风场特征,低层均有偏东风"牛眼"出现并伴有风速辐合,"牛眼"的形成、强弱、面积的大小和维持时间的长短以及风向的变化对三次暴雨的形成至关重要。低层偏东风"牛眼"结构急流的存在为太行山迎风坡暴雨形成的判据。     

Roadside, Urban, and Rural comparison of size distribution characteristics of PAHs and carbonaceous components of Beijing, China

Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected with a low-pressure impactor (LPI) at urban, roadside and rural sites in winter in Beijing. The size distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured and this study focused on their size distributions and relationships of PAH to OC/EC. All PAHs show uni-modal at the accumulation mode (0.1–1.8 μm) and almost all PAHs are associated with fine particles. The absence of PAHs in the nucleus mode contributes to the coagulation under the condition of high concentration of the accumulation mode particles. The absence of PAHs in the coarse mode was probably attributed to the low temperature that restrained the redistribution of PAHs from the accumulation mode to the coarse mode. Flu(fluoranthene) and Pyr(pyrene, 4-ring) were the most abundant particulate PAHs ; however, IcdP(indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) and BghiP(benzo[ghi]perylene, 6-ring) were rather low. Diagnostic ratios show vehicle and coal burning were the major sources of PAHs in winter. Ratios at rural site are obviously different from those found at roadside and urban sites. Lower value of OC/EC in the rural area than that in the urban area was probably resulted from coal burning prevailed in the rural area. OC1 and OC2 exhibit uni-mode distribution similar to their particle surface area distribution indicating their existence on particles by adsorption. OC3 and OC4 show bi-mode distribution. Grinding of biomass debris can be a probable source of OC3 and OC4 in the coarse mode. EC1 is mostly from the pyrolysis of OC; however, both the natural and anthropogenic emissions contribute to EC2. The correlation between size-segregated PAHs and carbonaceous component is also discussed to identify their sources.     

Field and numerical investigations on triggering mechanism in typical rainfall-induced shallow landslides: a case study in the Ren River catchment,China

Natural Hazards - A combined field hydrological monitoring and hydro-mechanical numerical investigation into the triggering mechanism in rainfall-induced shallow landslides was proposed and carried...     

位场波数域转换算法误差方程及其应用(英文)

偏移抽样理论是本文作者建立的更普遍的傅立叶变换数值计算的理论. 基于这一理论,作者在现文中导出了位场波数域转换算法误差方程,该方程不仅给出了更灵活的位场波数域转换算法,而且揭示了位场波数域转换中的误差规律.源于该方程的DFT0η η(0.5,0.5)化极技术可以大大提高低纬度(包括磁赤道)化极磁异常的分辨率和精度.该方程所揭示的波数域位场高通转换中边缘振荡的规律性(来源、形成机理和基本性质),从理论上指出了改善现有高通转换位场数据拓边技术效果的途径.     

Study of chemical forms of phosphorus and their bioavailability in the sediments

Chemical forms of phosphorus in the sediments of the Daya Bay, the Zhujiang River estuary, and the Xiamen Bay are measured with extraction solutions of MgCl2, NaOH, and HC1. Their availabilities to Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana are estimated by using sediments as the sole source of P in the bioassays. The results show that the contents of total phosphorus (TP) in these sediments are 449.3, 650.1 and 643.9 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of nonapatite inorganic P (NAIP) extracted with MgCl2 and NaOH from 3 sediments are 168.8, 146.6 and 118.1 mg/kg,respectively, and account for 18.3% ～32.6% of TP. The phosphorus extracted with HCl solution is greater than that extracted with NaOH solution and the lowest extracted P is MgCl2-extractable P. The greatest relative growth rates of Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana cultured with sediments are in the range of 4.3% ～26.9%. The increasing biomasses of these algae correspond to NAIP andAAPP (the estimated algal-available particulate P). AAPP accounts for 42.4% ～78.2% of NAIP, 21.1% ～ 27.1% of total inorganic P, and 11.8% ～ 20.3% of TP, respectively.     

新郑天利两周墓地居民牙齿磨耗及口腔健康状况研究

本文对新郑市天利两周墓地居民的牙齿磨耗及口腔疾病进行了统计和分析,试图从古病理学的角度揭示当时居民的食物构成、饮食行为习惯及社会经济生活方式等。研究显示,天利两周墓地居民除了在牙釉质发育不良方面存在显著的两性差异,即男性明显高于女性外,在牙齿磨耗水平、牙齿生前脱落和龋病的患齿率上虽不存在明显的两性差异,但均表现为女性略高于男性。同时,与先秦时期不同地区、不同经济形态的古代居民相比,天利居民在前部牙齿,尤其是上颌前部的牙齿上表现出了较后部牙齿更为严重的磨耗。产生这些现象的原因一方面是天利墓地地处中原地区,旱作农业的谷类食物成为居民的主要食物来源,女性在牙齿生前脱落和龋病的患齿率及牙齿磨耗程度上略高于男性,说明两性在食物结构大致相同的情况下还存在少许差异,不同的劳动分工使得男性可能获得更多的动物性蛋白质和脂肪;对相关骨骼进行的稳定同位素分析显示,男性应该获取了比谷类食物更多的肉食,相对的,女性食物结构中的谷类比重则较大。另一方面,男性在牙釉质发育不良的患齿率上明显高于女性,说明该墓地的男性居民（尤其在幼年时期）普遍具有高于女性的生存压力;在牙釉质硬度降低、多用前部牙齿做工具使用及与女性相比,获取较多肉食的情况下,天利墓地男性居民相对于其他地区较明显的前部牙齿磨耗。

     

华北三站地基GPS反演的大气可降水量及其特征

利用2005年4月-2006年10月石家庄、秦皇岛和张家口三个地基GPS站的观测资料和地面气象资料,根据GPS反演可降水量的原理以及可降水量与地面水汽压的线性对应关系,对不同站点、不同时次的大气可降水量进行了解算和补算,并对河北省GPS可降水量的时空分布特征进行了分析.结果表明:可降水量在时间上先升后降,7、8月达到最大值;在空间上由北向南递增;可降水量的日变化特征不十分显著,仅表现为小幅度波动.     

90年代初广东沿海电厂煤港建设的启示

近十年来,天津市海岸带公司承担了广东沿海电厂建设中的煤港项目的主要部分,足迹遍布了广东沿海。长久的积累和丰富的实践,使我公司熟悉了广东省的自然条件和特点及电厂输煤港的技术要求,在此过程中锻炼了队伍,提高了技术水平,并得到了很多有益的启示,本文论述了广东省近十年来多个沿海电厂煤港建设的技术经济问题以及天津市海岸带公司运作的机制。     

塔里木盆地轮南地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层的控制因素分析

轮南地区下奥陶统潜山是一个具有良好勘探前景的油气富集区 ,但该区碳酸盐岩储层的不均一性及其预测的难度制约了该区勘探的进展 ,这也是碳酸盐岩地区油气勘探的难题之一。从影响碳酸盐岩储层发育的基本地质条件入手 ,对该区的构造特征、沉积环境及成岩作用分别进行了探讨 ,同时结合近年来的钻探成果进行了分析。结果表明 ,该区储层的储集性主要与次生孔隙有关 ,即主要受构造作用和成岩作用控制 ,而与沉积环境没有直接的关系 ,这一分析为该区碳酸盐岩储层的预测和评价提供了依据