位场波数域转换算法误差方程及其应用(英文)

偏移抽样理论是本文作者建立的更普遍的傅立叶变换数值计算的理论. 基于这一理论,作者在现文中导出了位场波数域转换算法误差方程,该方程不仅给出了更灵活的位场波数域转换算法,而且揭示了位场波数域转换中的误差规律.源于该方程的DFT0η η(0.5,0.5)化极技术可以大大提高低纬度(包括磁赤道)化极磁异常的分辨率和精度.该方程所揭示的波数域位场高通转换中边缘振荡的规律性(来源、形成机理和基本性质),从理论上指出了改善现有高通转换位场数据拓边技术效果的途径.     

Study of chemical forms of phosphorus and their bioavailability in the sediments

Chemical forms of phosphorus in the sediments of the Daya Bay, the Zhujiang River estuary, and the Xiamen Bay are measured with extraction solutions of MgCl2, NaOH, and HC1. Their availabilities to Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana are estimated by using sediments as the sole source of P in the bioassays. The results show that the contents of total phosphorus (TP) in these sediments are 449.3, 650.1 and 643.9 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of nonapatite inorganic P (NAIP) extracted with MgCl2 and NaOH from 3 sediments are 168.8, 146.6 and 118.1 mg/kg,respectively, and account for 18.3% ～32.6% of TP. The phosphorus extracted with HCl solution is greater than that extracted with NaOH solution and the lowest extracted P is MgCl2-extractable P. The greatest relative growth rates of Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana cultured with sediments are in the range of 4.3% ～26.9%. The increasing biomasses of these algae correspond to NAIP andAAPP (the estimated algal-available particulate P). AAPP accounts for 42.4% ～78.2% of NAIP, 21.1% ～ 27.1% of total inorganic P, and 11.8% ～ 20.3% of TP, respectively.     

EDTA对罗非鱼嗅觉的影响及其解毒作用

将５种浓度的ＥＤＴＡ和９种含有不同比例的重金属离子、ＥＤＴＡ混合液分别灌注罗非鱼嗅囊,观测这些溶液中甲硫氨酸引起的嗅电图的影响,研究ＥＤＴＡ对重金属染毒钱瓣可行性和最佳配方,并探讨了其可能机理,结果如下：（１）ＥＤＴＡ对ＥＯＧ有抑制和促进两方面影响。当浓度低于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,ＥＤＴＡ抑制ＥＯＧ反应、浓度越低,抑制作用越明显。当浓度大于３７２ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３时,则促进ＥＯＧ反应,浓度越高,促进     

海藻中碘的化学种态研究Ⅰ

用化学分离结合中子活化法研究了海带、网翼藻、海黍子、松藻、石莼、礁膜和江篱7种海藻中总碘及水溶性碘、有机碘、I-和IO₃-等不同形态碘的分布.研究结果表明:不同海藻中碘及其化学种态差别较大,海带中碘含量最高,达734×106(湿重),且99.2%的碘为水溶性碘.其他几种海藻中碘含量较低,且水溶性碘仅占16.5%～40.8%.海藻浸出液中碘主要以I-的形式存在,占浸出总碘量的61.0%～92.7%,其次为有机碘占5.5%～37.4%,IO₃-含量最少,仅占1.4%～4.5%.该研究结果提示不同海藻的富碘机制可能不尽相同.从食用的角度看,其中碘的生物利用度也可能有较大的差异.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

A new framework for rainfall downscaling based on EEMD and an improved fractal interpolation algorithm

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - In this research, a novel framework is proposed for temporal downscaling rainfall records to address the problem of insufficient temporal...     

基于Copula函数的中国东部季风区干旱风险研究

利用1961~2016年的中国地面降水月值0.5°×0.5°格网数据集计算了中国东部季风区不同时间尺度的标准化降水指数,并结合游程理论识别气象干旱事件。常规的单变量和基于Copula函数的双变量频率分析分别用来描述干旱事件的干旱历时和干旱烈度。结果表明：① 3个月时间尺度和6个月时间尺度的干旱特征空间格局非常相似,但与12个月时间尺度的干旱特征空间格局差异较大;② 各时间尺度的干旱历时和干旱烈度均呈正相关,即具有较长干旱历时的地区往往也是干旱烈度较大的区域;③ 西南区、长江下游地区、黄淮海区北部和南部、内蒙古东部和黑龙江省东部干旱风险较高,而长白山地区、松嫩平原和珠江流域干旱风险较低。研究结果可为中国东部季风区的干旱区划及旱灾风险评估提供科学依据。     

Blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense reduced the species diversity of dinoflagellate community

Most of reported harmful algal blooms(HABs)of microalgae(75%)have been caused by dinoflagellates.Studies on the negative effects of HABs have generally focused on animals,valuable organisms in particular,and environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients,but relatively fewer on community level,particularly that using metagenomic approach.In this study,we reported an investigation on the effects of a HAB caused by the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense on the species diversity and community structure of the dinoflagellate sub-community via a pyrosequencing approach for the samples taken before,during,and after the bloom season of P.donghaiense in the East China Sea.We sequenced partial 28S rRNA gene of dinoflagellates for the field samples and evaluated the species richness and diversity indices of the dinoflagellate community,as a sub-community of the total phytoplankton.We obtained 800185 valid sequences(categorized into 560 operational taxonomic units,OTUs)of dinoflagellates from 50 samples and found that the biodiversity of dinoflagellate community was significantly reduced during the blooming period in comparison to that in pre-and after-blooming periods,as reflected in the four diversity indices:the species richness expressed as the number of OTUs,Chao1 index,Shannon index(evenness),and Gini-Simpson index.These four indices were all found to be negatively correlated to the cell density of the bloom species P.donghaiense.Correlation analyses also revealed that the P.donghaiense cell abundance was correlated negatively with NO3--N,and NO2--N,but positively with total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)showed that the community structure of dinoflagellates was markedly different among the different sampling periods,while the redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed P.donghaiense abundance,salinity,NO3--N,and SiO32-were the most four significant factors shaping the dinoflagellate community structure.Our results together demonstrated that HABs caused by the dinoflagellate P.donghaiense could strongly impact the aquatic ecosystem on the sub-community level which the blooming species belongs to.     

Application of T-bar in numerical simulations of a monopile subjected to lateral cyclic load

A series of centrifuge tests were performed to investigate the response of a free-head monopile due to cyclic lateral loading in normally consolidated clay. By linking the maximum reaction-force point of the final cycles in all tests with various amplitudes, a postcyclic reaction-force curve is obtained, which can be used to assess the postcyclic remolded lateral stiffness. To numerically analyze the tests, a strength degradation model of the clay is calibrated by the T-bar cyclic test. However, this model is T-bar-dependent, which is unable to capture the degrading behavior of the monopile stiffness. Thus, a modification approach is proposed based on the upper bound theory, and the modified model is further combined with finite element analysis to simulate the cyclic behavior of the model pile. The simulation results show similar degrading trend and consistent postcyclic remolded lateral stiffness with the model tests. This further demonstrates that the remolded lateral stiffness mainly depends on the soil remolded strength, which is one of the parameters calibrated by the T-bar tests. Based on this finding, a simplified numerical analysis is proposed, which can predict the postcyclic reaction-force curve by performing one monotonic loading instead of modeling the whole process of cyclic loading.     

一种改进的北斗三频长基线模糊度固定算法

针对TCAR法在北斗三频长基线模糊度固定中成功率不高的问题,提出采用滑动窗口的方法对EWL、WL和NL模糊度进行固定。通过实验分析窗口大小与模糊度固定成功率的关系得出,在长距离定位中,模糊度固定成功率主要受到电离层延迟和对流层延迟的影响。因此采用滑动窗口固定EWL和WL模糊度后,通过GIF-TCAR法解算NL模糊度,同时使用滑动窗口法来固定NL模糊度。实验结果表明,该方法可用于北斗三频实时定位。