Seismic passive resistance with vertical seepage and surcharge

Present paper focuses on the computation of the seismic passive earth pressure acting on a vertical rigid retaining wall by a soil mass subjected to vertical steady-state seepage and a uniform surcharge load. Based on the basic assumptions of Coulomb's theory and a pseudo-static method of analysis, a general solution for the passive earth pressure containing two coefficients is presented. In the solution, many parameters, such as unit weight of saturated soil, soil effective internal friction angle, soil/wall friction angle, water/soil unit weight ratio, surcharge intensity coefficient, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients, Poisson's ratio of soil mass, hydraulic gradient, and coefficients of pore water pressure, are considered. The effects of hydraulic gradient and seismic forces on passive earth pressure coefficient and passive earth pressure distribution are investigated. The results indicate that passive earth pressure increases with increasing hydraulic gradient for downward water flow case, but decreases for upward water flow case, and that the presence of seismic forces induces a reduction in passive earth pressure.     

不同降雨量下人工重建林土壤性状及微生物特性比较

分析和比较了甘肃省中部典型黄土丘陵区不同降雨量下人工重建林土壤性状及微生物特性.结果表明:随降水量的增加,土壤含水量升高,pH值变化不明显;土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量均表现为以400 mm降水量为分界线,降水量≥400 mm样地的含量显著高于降水量<400 mm样地(p<0.05);降水量为500 mm样地的全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量及土壤微生物呼吸最高,但土壤微生物呼吸熵为200 mm降水量样地最高;微生物熵变化不显著.相关性分析表明,不同降水量梯度下,土壤理化性质与微生物特性之间存在不同程度的相关性.     

大型崩滑堵江事件及其环境效应研究综述

详细介绍了目前国外对滑坡堵江自然灾害在各方面的研究现状,包括了滑坡堵江事件的识别研究、滑坡堵江天然堆石坝和堰塞湖的研究、骨坡堵江事件的灾害研究和天然堆石坝的合理利用和治理以及中国地质人员近几年在这类灾害研究中所做的工作,提出了堵江灾害研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型研究

将岩体中的各种裂隙和孔隙按规模和渗透性分为4级处理,即一级真实裂隙网络、二级随机裂隙网络、三级等效连续介质体系和四级连续介质体系。各级裂隙(孔隙)都形成各自的裂隙网络,并以水量平衡原理为基础建立各级裂隙网络之间的联系,组合形成岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型,从而较全面地反映了地下水在岩体中的运动规律,并进行了工程实例分析。      

黄土场地地铁车站振动台试验方案设计与研究

为得到可靠的试验数据,对黄土场地典型断面地铁车站大型振动台试验方案进行设计与研究.根据试验目的和特点,提出黄土场地与地铁车站动力相互作用模型体系相似设计原则,并基于Bockingham的π定理对模型结构进行相似设计;通过室内试验研究模型材料配合比、力学特性及模型制作技术;采用有限元-无限元耦合数值建模方法,分析黄土场地...     

新一代天气雷达运行保障能力分析

为提高全国新一代天气雷达运行保障能力,选取了近5年多新一代天气雷达发生的3211个故障案例,从9个雷达分系统方面,按不同型号,对其发生的故障进行了分类统计分析,同时对导致故障的原因也进行了分析。结果表明:对于长期处在高电压工作状态下,且极易被烧坏的器件,以及运行时间较长的器件,要加强备件的备份,提高备件的可靠性、耐压性;要保持机房环境恒温、恒湿、防尘,使雷达能在良好的环境下工作;加强对电机碳刷碳粉尘的清理,定期地对汇流环进行维护、清洗,防止碳刷磨损,以减小被损坏的机会,以及对长时间在高、低温环境下运转的机械结构器件定期维护,以提高运动部件的可靠性;还要重点保证电力、雷达与外界通信畅通,使资料能够正常上传。     

岩石声波综合数据处理系统的试验研究

本文是在岩石声波测试综合数据处理系统研究总结的基础上写成的。该系统以SYC岩石声波仪为前端设备,配接微型计算机和单板机,构成既可在室内也可在野外使用,又能综合分析的积木式测试系统。为用声波法测定岩石和其它固体介质的力学特性的测试技术和理论研究,提供了自动化的设备。本文介绍了系统的主要功能,基本结构和接口方法选取分析,软件设计分析,测试结果对比等方面。并对应用计算机控制测试设备、实现测试实验自动数据采集和处理提出我们的看法。     

Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Ganhe Formation lavas,eastern Great Xing'an Range,China: Evidence from geochemistry and geochronology

Mesozoic volcanic rocks are widespread throughout the Great Xing'an Range of northeastern China. However, there has been limited investigation into the age and petrogenesis of the Mesozoic volcanics in the eastern Great Xing'an Range. According to our research, the volcanic rocks of the Dayangshu Basin, eastern Great Xing'an Range are composed mainly of trachybasalt, basaltic andesite, and basaltic trachyandesite, with minor intermediate–basic pyroclastic rocks. In this study, the geochemistry and geochronology of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks are presented in order to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Ganhe Formation in the Dayangshu Basin. Zircon U–Pb dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry indicates that the Mesozoic lavas formed during the late Early Cretaceous (114.3–108.8 Ma). This suite of rocks exhibits a range of geochemical signatures indicating subduction‐related genesis, including: (i) calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline major element compositions; (ii) enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs/HREEs =7.33–9.85); and (iii) weak depletion in high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti). Furthermore, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data yield initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of 0.70450–0.70463, positive ε_Nd(t) values of +1.8 to +3.3, and a mantle‐derived lead isotope composition. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, the results of this study suggest that the Ganhe Group lavas are derived from decompression melting of a metasomatized (enriched) lithospheric mantle, related to asthenospheric upwelling, which resulted from lithospheric mantle delamination and produced extension of the continental margin following the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate.     

考虑软弱夹层控滑机制及其空间不确定性的顺层岩质滑坡易发性评价:万州区铁峰乡应用研究

顺层岩质滑坡突发性强,破坏性大,是危害山区城镇安全的重要灾害类型之一.发育软弱夹层的顺向斜坡是顺层岩质滑坡的高发区,区域顺层岩质滑坡易发性评价应融入软弱夹层的控滑机制和空间分布不确定性分析.以万州区铁峰乡为研究区,在软弱夹层物质结构及空间分布详细调查的基础上,分析了原生沉积、构造变形和表生改造作用下区内页岩和泥岩两类软...     

Bioremediation Management Reduces Mass Discharge at a Chlorinated DNAPL Site

Adaptive site management and aggressive bioremediation in the source zone of a complex chlorinated dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) site reduced total chlorinated hydrocarbon mass discharge by nearly 80%. Successful anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons can be impaired by inadequate concentrations of electron donors, competing electron acceptors, specific inhibitors such as chloroform, and potentially by high contaminant concentrations associated with residual DNAPL. At the study site, the fractured bedrock aquifer was impacted by a mixture of chlorinated solvents and associated daughter products. Concentrations of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2‐TeCA), 1,1,2‐trichloroethane (1,1,2‐TCA), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA) were on the order of 100 to 1000 mg/L. Chloroform was present as a co‐contaminant and background sulfate concentrations were approximately 400 mg/L. Following propylene glycol injections, concentrations of organohalide‐respiring bacteria including Dehalococcoides and Dehalogenimonas spp. increased by two to three orders of magnitude across most of the source area. Statistical analysis indicated that reaching volatile fatty acid concentrations greater than 1000 mg/L and depleting sulfate to concentrations less than 50 mg/L were required to achieve a Dehalococcoides concentration greater than the 10⁴ cells/mL recommended for generally effective reductive dechlorination. In a limited area, chloroform concentrations greater than 5 mg/L inhibited growth of Dehalococcoides populations despite the availability of electron donor and otherwise appropriate geochemical conditions. After implementing a groundwater recirculation system targeting the inhibited area, chloroform concentrations decreased permitting significant increases in concentrations of Dehalococcoides and vinyl chloride reductase gene copies.