Characterization of SNAP-25 gene from marine teleostean, Lateolabrax japonicus

The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, the first step in the functional study of SNARE proteins in marine teleostean, was to obtain the cDNA of sea perch SNAP-25 (SPsn25) by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR amplification of a Japanese sea perch. The full-length cDNA of 831bp contains a CDS of 615 bp, coding 204 amino acid residues, and a 5′UTR of 219bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPsn25 corresponds with SNAP-25a isoform and shares 91.1% identity with SNAP-25a of a goldfish and a zebrafish. The SPsn25 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in the Japanese sea perch had been identified through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot assay. Together, these data again confirmed the nerve tissue specificity of the fish SNAP-25 gene expression.     

台风-非台风降雨型滑坡的多时段临界雨量值预测模型

统计确定临界降雨量是滑坡早期预警常用的方法.东南沿海地区台风暴雨不同于一般降雨,常引发滑坡灾害,从而威胁沿海地区人民生命财产安全.为了建立台风和非台风降雨型滑坡临界降雨量预测模型,以浙江丽水市为例,基于2010-2020年台风暴雨、非台风降雨诱发滑坡与降雨量的统计,构建了丽水市滑坡发生概率和有效降雨量的关系,提出了多时...     

A method for correcting the temperature effect on uCPT measurements in seabed sediments

Abstract

The zero load readings of cone resistance (q_c) and sleeve friction (f_s) measured by a piezocone (uCPT) shift with the ambient temperature. A method of correcting the effect of temperature on uCPT measurements in seabed sediments has been proposed for the case where there is no temperature sensor in the uCPT probe. This method is based on the assumption that the “actual” profile of f_s of soft shallow seabed sediments linearly increases with depth, and a rate of increase of α?=?0.2?kPa/m was obtained using measured ground temperatures and f_s values in seabed sediments in Isahaya Bay, Japan. An “actual” f_s profile can then be constructed using the measured f_s value at the shallow surface and the value of α. Using the differences between the measured and the estimated “actual” f_s profiles, the ground temperature profile can be obtained, and then the effect of temperature on the uCPT measurements can be corrected. The proposed method was used for temperature corrections on uCPT measurements in Isahaya Bay, Japan. The values of undrained shear strength (s_u) from the temperature-corrected uCPT measurements agree well with the laboratory measured values of s_u using the undisturbed soil samples.     

GNSS-Based Sea Level Monitoring

This paper attempts to assess the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as an accurate, reliable, and easy tool for sea level measurement. The GNSS technique was incorporated into a float based tide gauge system. A prototype of such an instrument was developed based on principles of conventional tide gauges, where high frequency noise is reduced mechanically. The ability of the GNSS based tide gauge (GTG) to monitor sea levels was tested in several experiments. The performance of the GTG was compared to that of a traditional tide gauge. The method of data analysis and data comparison between the GPS measurements and the tide gauge data is presented. The results show that the GTG is equal in performance to the traditional float operated tide gauge. It seems that the GTG is capable of delivering the same level of accuracy (1 cm), and its results are as reliable as its competitor, the traditional float tide gauge. The suggested instrument can be easily integrated into the array of permanent GNSS stations and assist in absolute measurements of sea level changes, caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect, for example.     

Simulation of export production and biological pump structure in the South China Sea

The export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) consumes upwelled dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which hinders surplus CO₂ being released to the atmosphere. The export flux of POC is therefore crucial to the carbon and biogeochemical cycles. This study aims to model the long-term (1958–2009) variation of export flux and structure of the biological pump in the South China Sea (SCS) using a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical coupled (ROMS-CoSiNE) model. The modeled POC export flux in the northeastern and north central SCS is high in winter and low in summer, whereas the flux in the central, southwestern and southern SCS varies following a “W” shape: two maxima in winter and summer, and two minima in spring and autumn. The pattern follows the variation of the East Asian monsoon and is consistent with observations. On the interannual scale, export flux is anti-phased with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation such that El Niño (La Niña) conditions correspond to low (high) export flux. Modeled annual mean POC export flux reaches up to 1.95 mmol m^–2 day^–1, which is underestimated comparing with field observations. The f-ratio is estimated to be ~0.4. The b value of the Martin equation for POC is 1.18±0.03. Remineralization rate of POC is greater than the classical Martin equation but is consistent with its subtropical counterparts. The modeled results indicate that the SCS is a weak source of atmospheric CO₂ with a flux estimated at 1.0 mmol m^–2 day^–1. The modeled results provide an insight of the temporal and spatial variability of the carbon cycle in this monsoon-driven, semi-enclosed basin.     

阿尔泰南缘麦兹盆地康布铁堡组变质酸性火山岩年龄及岩石成因

阿尔泰南缘麦兹盆地康布铁堡组赋存有铁铅锌大、中型矿床,但该组火山岩的形成时代和岩石成因以及构造背景还没有形成一致的认识。本文对该组两个变质流纹岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得其年龄分别为410.5±1.3 Ma和400.4±2.1 Ma。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:所有酸性火山岩具有高硅(72.15% ～81.26%),低铝(10.56% ～14.87%)和钛(0.16% ～0.27%),极低的MgO(0.04% ～0.14%)、CaO(0.04% ～2.42%)和TFeO(0.11% ～1.64%)含量; 在原始地幔标准化图上显示出Ti、P、Sr、Ba、Nb和Ta明显负异常,Th、U、Pb、Zr和Hf的正异常,LREE 相对HREE略富集的特征,除个别样品外,大多数样品显示明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.48～0.91)。结合其区域地质特征,认为本区变质酸性火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是玄武质岩浆底侵作用使下地壳发生了部分熔融后演化的产物。     

2014年初雪龙船在南极被海冰围困期间海洋气象环境分析

2014年初雪龙船为救援俄罗斯"绍卡利斯基院士"号船,在南极联邦湾被海冰围困,及时掌握雪龙船周边的冰情变化,以及给出准确的天气形势判断和预报,是此次雪龙船顺利脱困的关键。通过对雪龙船被困期间的海冰、气象和海洋环境状况综合分析发现,造成雪龙船被困的主要因素,一是由于雪龙船被困区域靠近大陆架,冰山较多,多年冰和当年冰夹杂在一起,海冰类型较为复杂;二是由于受连续多个气旋影响,在雪龙船受困海域,偏东大风持续时间长,风力大,导致海冰自东向西堆积,致使雪龙船被困。     

Laboratory investigation on the mechanical behavior of ice-saturated frozen loess

To investigate the mechanical properties of ice-saturated frozen soil, a series of triaxial tests under various confining pressures（0.5 to 9.0 MPa） on ice-saturated frozen loess with ice content of 23.7% were carried out at a temperature-6 °C, and at 1.25 mm/min of loading rate. The triaxial tests include two loading modes, one with monotonic loading（i.e., triaxial compression）, and another with static cycle loading. The test results under triaxial compression show that the strength and deformation behaviors of ice-saturated frozen loess are affected by confining pressure. According to the test results of triaxial loading-unloading cycle test, the elastic modulus evolution with the number of cycles under different confining pressures are analyzed.