全文获取类型
收费全文 | 595篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 34篇 |
大气科学 | 83篇 |
地球物理 | 127篇 |
地质学 | 186篇 |
海洋学 | 29篇 |
天文学 | 134篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 17篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有611条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
The bowing potential of granitic rocks: rock fabrics, thermal properties and residual strain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The bowing of natural stone panels is especially known for marble slabs. The bowing of granite is mainly known from tombstones
in subtropical humid climate. Field inspections in combination with laboratory investigations with respect to the thermal
expansion and the bowing potential was performed on two different granitoids (Cezlak granodiorite and Flossenbürg granite)
which differ in the composition and rock fabrics. In addition, to describe and explain the effect of bowing of granitoid facade
panels, neutron time-of-flight diffraction was applied to determine residual macro- and microstrain. The measurements were
combined with investigations of the crystallographic preferred orientation of quartz and biotite. Both samples show a significant
bowing as a function of panel thickness and destination temperature. In comparison to marbles the effect of bowing is more
pronounced in granitoids at temperatures of 120°C. The bowing as well as the thermal expansion of the Cezlak sample is also
anisotropic with respect to the rock fabrics. A quantitative estimate was performed based on the observed textures. The effect
of the locked-in stresses may also have a control on the bowing together with the thermal stresses related to the different
volume expansion of the rock-forming minerals. 相似文献
122.
Ch. Venkateswara Rao K.M.M. Rao P. Shasidhar Reddy Girish Pujar 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(2):165-1
The Resourcesat-I satellite is equipped with different types of sensors with varied characteristics. For the effective utilization of the available multi-sensor, multi-temporal, multi-spectral and multi-radiometric data from these sensors, fusion of digital image data has become a valuable technique. Image fusion enhances the information content and helps in better discrimination of various land cover types. The Resourcesat-1 has equipped with three sensors, AWiFS, LISS-III and LISS-IV, which are having identical spectral resolutions, with different spatial, radiometric and temporal resolutions. The spatial resolutions ratio of the data set for merging are required to be maximum of 1:6, where as the data sets (AWiFS and LISS-III) that are used in the current study are having the ratio of 1:2.5 approximately. A novel merging technique is designed, which retains the multi-spectral response of the input data in the output data. The merged data set provides the higher spatial and radiometric resolutions. In order to evaluate the fusion merits quantitatively, all the data sets are digitally classified and studied the output classes for homogeneity and clear discrimination. A comprehensive comparative study is carried out between the fused image and the LISS-III image based on the contingency matrix and the scatter plots, which demonstrates the strength of fused image for discriminating the object classes at 23.5 m spatial and 10-bit radiometric resolutions. The merged data set gives the improved classification accuracy. 相似文献
123.
Northern marine transportation corridors: Creation and analysis of northern marine traffic routes in Canadian waters
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Transactions in GIS》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
René Chénier Loretta Abado Olivier Sabourin Laurent Tardif 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(6):1085-1097
The concept of the Northern Marine Transportation Corridors (NMTC) initiative was developed under the Government of Canada World‐Class Tanker Safety System Initiative (WCTSS). The NMTC is an interdepartmental Arctic initiative within the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), through the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), in collaboration with Transport Canada (TC). The NMTC initiative was developed to strengthen the safety of marine navigation in the Arctic, and to offer an efficient planning guide for present and future Arctic investments. Transportation corridors identified through this initiative will provide the Government of Canada the framework needed to better prioritize and deliver on its programs and services, including: nautical charts and products; aids to navigation; icebreaking services; and marine safety regulations. The corridors were generated and analyzed with a Geographic Information System (GIS) using two main data sources: the Automated Identification System (AIS) and CHS's nautical charts and publications. The geographic extent of the NMTC is defined as the Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Service Zone (NORDREG Zone) and the Mackenzie River. With close to 4 million km2 of water in the Arctic and 162,000 km of coastline, surveying the Arctic to modern standards represents an enormous challenge to CHS. By adopting a corridor‐based approach, CHS and other government programs can prioritize their efforts on 12% of the Canadian Arctic waters. CHS currently has 32% of the NMTC adequately surveyed, with an additional 3% surveyed to modern standards. 相似文献
124.
125.
Infrared and Raman spectra of the quartz, rutile and amorphous forms of GeO2 have been recorded under pressure and/or temperature, in order to study the crystalline to crystalline — or amorphous — transformations of this compound in the solid state. X-ray diffraction data shown that crystalline quartz-GeO2 subjected to high pressure amorphizes. Infrared data are consistent with a gradual amorphisation of this compound at static pressures between 6 to 12 GPa at 300 K. With increasing pressure, the Ge-O distance appears to remain constant and amorphization is associated with a progressive change in the coordination of germanium atoms from fourfold to sixfold. This apparent change in coordination is not quenchable at room pressure. On decompression, the Ge in the amorphous form returns to tetrahedral coordination. The anharmonic parameters for the Raman modes of the quartz and rutile forms of GeO2, have also been estimated from pressure and temperature shifts. These data have been used to calculate heat capacities and entropies of the two polymorphs at different pressures, with the Kieffer vibrational model. The calculated heat capacities at room pressure are within 1% of the experimental values between 20 and 1500 K. The calculated entropies are used to estimate the phase boundary in the (P, T) plane. The slope of the curve at room pressure (17 bar/K) is in good agreement with experimental values. 相似文献
126.
Summary A case study is performed of a frontal-wave development on a trailing cold front in the Atlantic. The data base comprises principally the analysis and forecast fields of the global operational weather prediction model of the ECMWF, and the development itself is viewed from a potential vorticity (PV) perspective. It is shown that the ambient atmosphere contained three distinct and salient PV features: at the surface a frontal baroclinic zone; in the lower troposphere a co-aligned, moisture laden elongated band (2000 km long and 400 km wide) of enhanced PV; and at upper-levels a richly structured, southward extending PV pool. In the developments first phase a large-scale undulation of the surface frontal zone was accompanied by an in-phase movement of the upper-level anomaly. In a second phase two low-level wave features developed around 1000 km apart, and the resulting wave depressions were accompanied by a distortion of the baroclinic zone and the break-up of the low-level PV-band. In the subsequent mature phase the dominant secondary cyclone attained 500 km scale in the horizontal and acquired a coherent PV structure in the vertical.A PV-based diagnostic analysis provides evidence of both the self development of the PV features and their synergetic interplay. It also forms the basis for a comparison of the event with traditional and recent hypotheses for frontal-wave development.On the basis of the diagnosed relationship between the customarily depicted surface frontal-wave cups and the low-level PV-band, it is suggested that the segmentation of the latter provides a useful tool for monitoring and forecasting secondary developments. Also in the context of numerical weather prediction brief consideration is given to the sensivity of the frontal-wave development and structure to the spatial resolution of the associated forecast model and the specification of the initial fields.With 12 Figures 相似文献
127.
S. Matthes M. Okrusch U. Schüssler P. Richter K. von Gehlen Ch. Röhr 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,52(1-2):25-59
Summary The metagabbro-amphibolite sequences in the KTB pilot hole contain intercalations of talc-chlorite-amphibole felses (or hosbachites), which show transitional contacts to the adjacent metagabbros. The hosbachites are characterized by relics of a primary igneous texture and still contain igneous minerals like clinopyroxene, biotite and pseudomorphs after olivine, while brown Ca-amphibole was presumably formed in a late-magmatic stage. The geological, textural, mineralogical and geochemical evidence indicates that the hösbachites were derived from ultramafic cumulates, differentiated from a basaltic magma, either in the inner parts of dolerite sills or in small gabbro intrusions. A pervasive metamorphic overprint under medium-pressure, amphibolite-facies conditions which was accompanied by penetrative deformation led to assemblages with green Ca-amphibole ± anthophyllite ± cummingtonite ± tremolite/actinolite + clinochlore + talc + olivine + ilmenite ± Cr-bearing spinel + sulfides. Phase relationships are consistent with a prograde P-T path leading to the formation of anthophyllite from olivine + talc at peak metamorphic temperatures of 640–700°C, at assumed pressures of 8-10 kbar, similar to those derived from mineral assemblages in the adjacent metabasites and metasediments. High-pressure relics locally present in coronitic metagabbros and retrograded eclogites of the KTB pilot hole were not recognized in the hosbachites. A retrograde overprint under greenschist-facies conditions led to the total replacement of igneous or metamorphic olivine by aggregates of antigorite + magnetite, chloritization of biotite and the formation of late tremolite/ actinolite.
Zusammenfassung Talk- Chlorit-Amphibol-Felse der KTB-Vorbohrung, Oberpfalz: Eduktcharakteristik und Phasenbeziehungen Die Metagabbro-Amphibolit-Folge in der KTB-Vorbohrung enthält Einschaltungen von Talk-Chlorit-Amphibol-Felsen (Hosbachite), die graduelle Übergänge zu den benachbarten Metagabbros aufweisen. Die Hosbachite sind durch Relikte von primären magmatischen Gefügen gekennzeichnet and führen noch magmatische Mineralrelikte wie Klinopyroxen, Biotit and Pseudomorphosen nach Olivin, während brauner CaAmphibol wahrscheinlich spdtmagmatisch gebildet wurde. Verbandsverhältnisse, Reliktgefüge und Reliktminerale sowie Haupt- und Spurenelement-Geochemie sprechen dafür, daß die Hosbachite auf ultramafische Kumulate zurückgehen, die aus einem basischen Magma differenziert wurden, and zwar entweder im Innern von doleritischen Lagergängen oder in kleinen Gabbro-Intrusionen.Eine durchgreifende metamorphe Überprägung unter Bedingungen der Mitteldruck Amphibolitfazies, die von einer penetrativen Deformation begleitet war, fuhrte zu Mineralparagenesen mit grünern Ca-Amphibol ± Anthophyllit ± Cummingtonit + Tremolit/Aktinolith + Klinochlor + Talk + Olivin + Ilmenit + Cr-haltigem Spinell + Sulfiden.Die Phasenbeziehungen weisen darauf hin, daß sich im Zuge eines prograden P-TPfades Anthophyllit aus der Paragenese Olivin + Talk bildete. Als P-T-Bedingungen beim Hbhepunkt der Metamorphose können Temperaturen von 640–700°C in einem angenommenen Druckbereich von 8-10 kbar abgeschätzt wurden, ähnlich wie sie auch aus den Mineralparagenesen in den angrenzenden Metabasiten and Metasedimenten der KTB-Vorbohrung ableitbar sind. Hochdruckrelikte, die gelegentlich in koronitischen Metagabbros and retrograd überprägten Eklogiten der KTB-Vorbohrung auftreten, wurden in den Hösbachiten nicht gefunden. Eine retrograde Überprägung unter grünschieferfaziellen Bedingungen führte zu einer vollständigen Verdrängung von magmatischem und metamorphem Olivin durch Aggregate von Antigorit + Magnetit, zur Chloritisierung von Biotit und zur Bildung einer späten Generation von Tremolit/ Aktinolith.相似文献
128.
Dr. Ch. H. Schraff 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1997,64(1-2):21-50
Summary A number of problems related to mesoscale numerical prediction of low stratus in the Alpine region are formulated, and addressed in a series of experiments for two wintertime cases. These problems include modelling aspects and issues of data assimilation which are relevant particularly in relation to the observation nudging technique. A focus is on the influence of orography.A comparison of operational optimum interpolation, and nudging of routine rawinsonde and surface-level data reveals that nudging often yields better analyses and forecasts of low stratus, and notably of the sharp vertical temperature and humidity gradients. However, the humidity advection scheme of the model and, near steep terrain, particularly the horizontal diffusion along the model's -levels are identified to contribute to spurious vertical smoothing which can result in erroneous cloud dissipation. On occasions, forecasts succeeding a nudging period are more sensitive to this process due to the sharper initial vertical gradients.Specific problems of representiveness arise when low-level rawinsonde information is spread laterally along the sloping -levels from low to high terrain. A new concept for -layer models is introduced by speading the observational information along isentropic surfaces, and this tends to improve the low stratus prediction over steep and even moderate orography. A partly successful attempt to take advantage of the steep Alpine orography is made by applying this concept to surface-level humidity data from a high-resolution network of Alpine surface stations which are distributed relatively uniformly in the vertical.With 19 Figures 相似文献
129.
130.