甘蒙地区北山盆地群中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩特征及评价

北山盆地群侏罗系是我国西北地区潜在的油气勘探新领域,为深化其石油地质认识,进一步明确资源潜力,优选北山盆地群中勘探程度相对较高的中口子盆地侏罗系为研究对象,以有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等有机地球化学分析数据为基础,分析了侏罗系烃源岩基础特征,并基于生物标志化合物资料,探讨了该区侏罗系烃源岩的有机质来源及沉积环境。结果表明,中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较好,主要为中等-好烃源岩,干酪根类型以Ⅱ2型为主,生烃母质主要是陆源高等植物,主要形成于氧气量适中的弱氧化-弱还原古环境,靠近或位于凹陷中心的烃源岩形成环境还原性稍强,较有利于有机质保存。区内黑帐房凹陷烃源岩已经成熟,而南泉凹陷烃源岩主要为低熟。因此建议黑帐房凹陷中心或者临近中心区域,寻找保存条件好的油藏是取得下步油气勘探突破的重点。这些认识可供西北地区侏罗系沉积古环境和资源潜力研究时对比参考。     

A Multiple Composite Fingerprinting Method and Its Application

Fingerprinting technique provides an essential means for estimating source contributions of watershed sediments, in which a single group of “optimum composite fingerprints” has been widely used in the literature to estimate sediment provenance. This type of methods is not restricted by the scale or process of sediment transportation so that similar procedures can be applied in sediment provenance research for aeolian depositions. However, recent studies found no direct link (positive relationship) between the ability of the tracer group to discriminate sources and its rigor in estimating source contributions after optimization. Here, we introduced a recently developed multiple composite fingerprinting method with additional screening based on analytical solutions, and further reviewed its verification in watersheds at different scales. It turned out that compared to Monte Carlo optimization method, a reasonable estimation can be achieved using the mean of the maximum number of composite fingerprints that given analytical solution to the mixing model, but the computational cost can be reduced significantly. The reliability of this new method was also tested in source contribution estimating of aeolian sediments, and the provenance quantification of reservoir sediment in an arid region experiencing both wind and water sediments.     

Preface to the special issue on recent advances of deep structure,seismic anisotropy and seismotectonics in China

<正>A workshop on crustal structure and seismotectonics was held on the Chinese Teacher's Day,the September 10th of 2011,in the city Lanzhou,China.Scientists and graduate students from Chinese Academy of Sciences,China     

Research on the Relationship between Active Faults and Earthquakes in the Junction Area of the China North-South Seismic Belt and Central Orogenic Belt Based on GIS

Research on the relationship between faults and seismicity in the junction area of China's north-south seismic belt and central orogenic belt based on the Geography Information System (GIS) has been done.For each of the 16 faults in this area,we build a 25km buffer zone and use overlay analysis to investigate the seismicity and its characteristics on each fault.The results unveil the main seismic faults as follows:the western segment of the northern-edge of the west Qinling fault,the southwestern segment of the Lixian-Luojiabao fault,the southeastern segment of the Lintan-Dangchang fault,the southwestern segment of the Wenxian fault,the Huya fault,and the Xueshan fault.The most active faults are the Huya and Xueshan faults,then the Tazang fault,the Lixian-Luojiabao fault and the northern piedmont of the Guanggaishan-Dieshan fault.The research zone can be divided into four areas according to focal depth,which gets deeper from north to south.The profile of focal depth indicates the geometry and mechanical property of faults,and further reveals the movement model of eastward extrusion of the Tibetan plateau and southeastward escape of masses,thus providing basis for the protection against earthquakes and hazard mitigation in this area.     

Current developments of research on permafrost engineering and cold region environment: a report of the 8th International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering

The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost Engineering was held in Xi’an,China,October 2009.The major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land uses.The papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and environment.Here we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes.During the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.     

基于室内模拟实验的软土固结沉降的分形几何

为了能够比较准确、简便地计算及预测软土的沉降,在Terzaghi一维固结理论的基础上,结合分形几何理论对软土的沉降计算进行了探讨和研究。首先通过室内模拟实验,获得了不同固结时期试样的孔隙比e、沉降量以及扫描电镜照片（SEM图片）;然后利用WD-5软件对SEM图片进行处理,并计算得到孔隙分布的分数维D_f;最后建立起e与D_f的函数关系,再结合Terzaghi一维固结理论建立了D_f与固结度、沉降量的关系方程并计算得到相应的固结度及沉降量。经分析得出：Df随着沉降量的增加而减小;软土在固结沉降过程中在42.33 h处有一个明显的拐点;利用Df建立的固结沉降模型计算的结果与试验实测的结果基本吻合。     

Estimation of gross primary production in wheat from in situ measurements

Gross primary production (GPP) is a parameter of significant importance for carbon cycle and climate change research. Remote sensing combined with other climate and meteorological data offers a convenient tool for large scale GPP estimation. This paper presents a study of GPP estimation using three methods with in situ measurements of canopy reflectance, LAI, and the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). First, because LAI is considered as an indicator of the factor of absorbed PAR (f_APAR), it provides reasonable estimates of GPP for all types of wheat with coefficient of determination R² of 0.7353. The second method uses four kinds of vegetation indices (VIs) to estimate GPP because these indices are suggested to be reliable candidates in the estimation of light use efficiency (LUE). Good determination coefficients were acquired in estimating GPP with R² ranging from the lowest of 0.7604 for NDVI to the highest of 0.8505 for EVI. A new method was proposed for the estimation of GPP following the Monteith logic, which considering GPP as a product of VI × VI × PAR. Results indicated that this method can provide the best estimates of GPP as determination coefficient R² increased largely compared to the other two methods. EVI × EVI × PAR was demonstrated to be the most suitable for the estimation of GPP with the highest R² of 0.9207, which was about 10% larger as compared to GPP estimated from the single EVI. These results will be helpful for the development of new models of GPP estimation with all remote sensing inputs.     

永年地震台伸缩仪EW向张性异常分析

针对河北永年地震台伸缩仪EW分量2015年5月11日起出现的加速拉张变化,从仪器工作状态、洞室环境、气象条件和外界环境干扰等方面,进行调查分析。利用3种荷载模型计算道路施工荷载变化可能引起的应变变化量,并结合其他形变测项变化特征进行论证,认为永年伸缩仪张性变化是区域应力场调整的结果。     

Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr^?1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (C _max and C _min ) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter C _max and C _min were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter C _max and C _min increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p  < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown C _max and C _min for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its C _max and C _min were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter C _max and C _min between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions.