东北太平洋Explorer Ridge热液羽状流位温浊度异常和物质能量通量估算

深海热液流体与周围海水之间存在明显的物理和化学差异,通过检测海水的位温浊度异常是探测深海热液活动的重要手段之一。本文采用"海底火山带项目（Submarine Ring of Fire 2002）"拖曳式温盐深测量仪数据资料,研究了东北太平洋Explorer Ridge热液场的水文特征及物质能量通量的释放。结果表明Explorer Ridge热液场热液羽状流中性浮力层所在深度范围约为1 600~1 900 m,距离海底的高度约为200 m,最大位温、盐度和浊度异常分别为0.04℃、0.004和0.18 NTU;中性浮力层热液羽状流帽呈椭圆结构,其长轴与洋中脊线重合,羽状流帽总面积约为27 km2;热液羽状流在中性层范围内存在明显的分层现象,通过经验公式计算得到Explorer Ridge热液场观测范围内热液喷口的总的浮力通量为6.19×10-2 m4/s3,平均值为2.063×10-2 m4/s3;总的体积通量为9.884×10-2 m3/s,平均值为3.295×10-2 m3/s;总的热通量为194.9 MW,平均值为64.967 MW。     

A comparison of the predictive potential of various vegetation indices for leaf chlorophyll content

Leaf chlorophyll is an important indicator of nutritional stress, photosynthetic capacity, and growth status of plants. Therefore, it is important to accurately estimate leaf chlorophyll content over a range of spatial and temporal scales. However, traditional methods for chlorophyll measurement mainly rely on chemical analysis, which is not universally applicable to dynamic monitoring of plants in large areas because it is time consuming and requires destructive measurements. Hyperspectral remote sensing has enormous potential for accurate retrieval of plant biochemical parameters. Therefore, it has become the most popular means to retrieve chlorophyll content, by establishing empirical relationships between different vegetation indices and chlorophyll content. In recent years, many vegetation indices have been developed for the inversion of chlorophyll content. Only the vegetation indices that are less affected by the external environment are used, in order to establish a strong and robust model. Therefore, it is very important to assess the anti-disturbance ability of different vegetation indices. In this paper, a new method is proposed to quantitatively assess the anti-disturbance ability of vegetation indices. The anti-disturbance ability of several vegetation indices that are commonly used for chlorophyll estimation was evaluated using this method. We concluded that the anti-disturbance ability of VogD, TCARI/OSAVI, and Datt99 is stronger than the other vegetation indices tested. However, if a vegetation index is not sensitive to chlorophyll content, predicting chlorophyll content holds no value even though it has a strong anti-disturbance ability. Therefore, we used the slope of the best fitting function between the vegetation index and chlorophyll content (defined as d(VI)/d(Chlorophyll content)) to measure the sensitivities of different indices to chlorophyll content. Finally, we found that TCARI/OSAVI was one of the best vegetation indices to estimate chlorophyll content at the leaf level. However, we have only considered three factors to evaluate the anti-disturbance ability of different vegetation indices, which is still far from enough because the canopy reflectance is affected by many factors. Therefore, we should account for more factors in the future.     

基于叠前地震全方位各向异性预测裂缝发育——以普光气田须家河组为例

本文首先建立正演模型,根据普光北部陆相须家河组地层特有岩性特征,针对不同角度裂缝进行模拟,得到沿裂缝方向振幅随着偏移距的增大而减小的规律;然后对叠前地震资料进行面元规则化、速度分析和叠前时间偏移叠加等处理,使之符合裂缝预测的要求;最后通过振幅随方位角的变化、频率属性随方位角的变化分析,反演得到须家河组储层裂缝走向和密度的数据体。以裂缝预测结果为指导,部署普陆1-2H井,并取得了良好的预期效果。     

长江中游城市群矿泉水资源勘查与发现——以咸宁市汀泗桥幅1:50 000水文地质调查数据集为例

长江中游城市群承东启西、连接南北,在我国经济均衡发展、和谐发展中占有重要地位,咸宁地区矿泉水资源的发现,将助力绿色经济发展。咸宁汀泗桥幅数据依托中国地质调查局"武汉都市圈京广高铁沿线汀泗桥幅地质环境综合调查"项目,在充分收集地质、遥感、物探及水文地质等资料基础上,开展汀泗桥幅1：50 000水文地质调查。本数据集包含钻孔基本信息（12个钻孔）、钻孔地层描述信息（12个钻孔）、机民井点调查结果（77个机民井）、泉点调查结果（46个泉点）、地下水动态监测信息（2处）、无机水样测试结果（61件）和有机水样测试结果（9件）,数据量约为4.77 MB。数据集充分反映了1：50 000水文地质调查中典型水文地质现象、灰岩地层的岩溶发育特点及岩溶地下水的水化学特征。通过水化学分析,在咸宁市汀泗桥镇白羊畈-赤壁官塘驿镇大贵畈-中伙铺镇一线发现富锶型饮用天然矿泉水,赤壁中伙铺琅桥一带为富锶、富锌复合型饮用天然矿泉水,对该区的矿泉水资源勘查具有重要参考意义。实施探采结合井,服务地方用水需求。     

成象光谱遥感图象的有限光谱混合分析

本文提出了一种成象光谱数据处理的新方法──有限光谱混合分析方法ＣＳＭＡ（ＣｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄＳｐｅｃｔｒａｌＭｉｘｔｕｒｅＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ），该方法将图象中每一象素看作多种类别地物的混合，利用成象光谱仪各波段反射值计算各个类别所占的比例，这是一个求解混合光谱方程最优解的过程。本文提出的有限光谱混合分析方法是在约束条件下求混合光谱方程的最优解，并提出了快速算法。该方法可以得到比传统遥感分类更有意义的结果，使遥感技术更趋于定量化、实用化。     

The solubility of a metallic mineral with other coexisting minerals and the ore-forming processes of metallic sulfides

Most metallic minerals in ore deposits are sulfides. When a sulfide mineral coexists with rock-forming minerals, its solubility is distinctly different from itself alone. The change in dissolution character of a mineral with coexisting rock-forming minerals leads to particular geochemical behavior. The concept of solubility of a metallic mineral with coexisting rock-forming minerals and its theory and model of calculation are put forward. Taking Tianmashan Cu-Au ore deposit of sulfide minerals in Tongling district as an example, solubilities of some metallic minerals with other coexisting minerals, such as pyrite or chalcopyrite with quartz (representing sandstone) or calcite (representing limestone), are calculated. The results show the mechanism of ore-forming processes. As the ore-forming fluid flows through sandstone, it dissolves pyrite in the sandstone at first, then transports the iron and sulfur to the interface between sandstone and limestone and eventually precipitates them on the interface.     

整数规划在施工控制网观测精度优化设计中的应用

使用数学解法来获得最优的控制网观测量的权，必须转换成观测方案后才能实现。怎样才能使转换后的观测方案既避免主观因素的影响，又具有最优的设计功能，是本文所力图解决的问题。文章顾及施工控制网原始数据误差的影响，提出利用整数规划进行观测精度优化设计的数学模型和计算方法，使优化设计理论更趋完美。文章最后通过算例说明该法在控制网观测精度优化设计中的作用。     

桥梁控制网的精度估算

文章对桥梁控制网的精度估算方法进行探讨，提出了利用桥墩定位和跨距的精度作为控制网设计的精度准则，并给出考虑原始数据误差影响的精度估算数学模型，这对桥梁控制网的设计，精度分析以及铁路测量规则中有关桥梁控制网精度估算方法的制定，都有参考作用。     

渗滤脉状矽卡岩成岩过程的计算机模拟

用多相多组分平衡分析了个旧锡矿区渗滤脉矽卡岩形成的机理，以该理论为基础设计的计算机程序模拟了这类矽卡岩脉的成岩过程。结果表明，花岗岩饱和热液成分不同，碳酸盐岩类型不同，通过模拟可以得到不同类型的矽卡岩及脉状矽卡岩的对称状矿物分带。     

Study on frost resistance of rapid-hardening magnesium phosphate-ferro-aluminate composite cement北大核心CSCD

随着冬季抢修抢建混凝土工程的增多,研发适用于严寒地区具有良好抗冻性的快硬水泥意义重大。磷酸镁水泥具有早期强度高、初凝时间短、与混凝土相容性好等特点,被视为混凝土工程的良好快修快建材料。然而,磷酸镁水泥制备的水泥砂浆或混凝土在北方地区的冬季往往会受到冻融循环作用,导致其耐久性和强度出现不同程度的退化。为增强磷酸镁水泥的抗冻性,在磷酸镁水泥制备中用铁铝酸盐水泥代替一定数量的过烧氧化镁,制备出快硬磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥。通过冻融循环前后磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件的质量损失测试、强度试验、孔隙率测试及SEM-EDS测试,得出：铁铝酸盐水泥代替氧化镁的数量在30%~40%时,制备的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件冻融循环后的质量损失率最小,抗压强度和抗折强度达到峰值,抗压强度和抗折强度剩余率最高,孔隙率最小,因而该配合比的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥具有最好的抗冻性。由SEM-EDS测试可知磷酸镁水泥砂浆试件冻融循环后,基体中的胶凝材料K-鸟粪石部分溶解,试件整体结构疏松,晶体间存在大量间隙;磷酸镁水泥制备中掺入铁铝酸盐水泥后,制得的磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥水化生成大量晶体填充于砂浆试件基体内部,无定形水化产物对砂浆试件的强度有一定补偿作用,使得磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥砂浆试件在冻融循环后孔隙率大幅减小,密实度得到提高,使得磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥的抗冻性能得到了显著增强。磷酸镁-铁铝酸盐复合水泥为北方严寒地区冬季混凝土抢修抢建工程提供了一种新材料。