Complete genome of Cobetia marina JCM 21022T and phylogenomic analysis of the family Halomonadaceae

Cobetia marina is a model proteobacteria in researches on marine biofouling. Its taxonomic nomenclature has been revised many times over the past few decades. ~To better understand the role of the surface-associated lifestyle of C. marina and the phylogeny of the family Halomonadaceae, we sequenced the entire genome of C. marina JCM 21022 ~T using single molecule real-time sequencing technology(SMR~T) and performed comparative genomics and phylogenomics analyses. ~The circular chromosome was 4 176 300 bp with an average GC content of 62.44% and contained 3 611 predicted coding sequences, 72 t RNA genes, and 21 r RNA genes. ~The C. marina JCM 21022 ~T genome contained a set of crucial genes involved in surface colonization processes. ~The comparative genome analysis indicated the significant diff erences between C. marina JCM 21022 ~T and Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296(formerly named C. marina KMM 296) resulted from sequence insertions or deletions and chromosomal recombination. Despite these diff erences, pan and core genome analysis showed similar gene functions between the two strains. ~The phylogenomic study of the family Halomonadaceae is reported here for the first time. We found that the relationships were well resolved among every genera tested, including Chromohalobacter, Halomonas, Cobetia, Kushneria, Zymobacter, and Halotalea.     

长江三峡库区地震地形变监测研究

三峡地壳形变监测网络结合空间大地测量(GPS、InSAR)和传统大地测量的优点，在1998年以来的三峡工程建设期间和2003年水库首次蓄水中获取了大量监测成果。结果显示库区地壳运动的基本图像：垂直形变较为显著，主要来自因蓄水荷载而产生的形变，水平形变不明显．库区主要断层的活动性在蓄水期间有明显加强迹象。水准测量反映从1998年首期观测至2003年10月首次蓄水后的库区垂直位移．沉降范围较大；GPS给出了2003年蓄水前后库区的垂直位移，形变的范围主要集中在水库近岸区域。水准测量与GPS观测反应的垂直位移的量级基本一致，沉降的最大幅度在3～4cm左右。水准监测、GPS观测与重力监测结果有一定的对应性。从地壳形变监测与研究结果分析，近期负荷改变而诱发中强地震的可能性不大。     

柳江流域冲积型粉质粘土的物理特征

通过收集数年工程地质勘察土工试验资料、获得了柳江流域ⅡⅢ级阶地的粉质粘土的大量实验数据。运用数理统计的方法、分析归纳出这一地带粉质粘土的基本物理特征。     

Inversion of coseismic stress-triggered fault slips using borehole strainmeter observations

Coseismic stress-triggering is becoming a new hot spot of research. Coseismic strain steps recorded by borehole strainmeters are particularly valuable in studying coseismic stress-triggered fault slips. Based on the theory of dis location, one can invert the triggered fault slips with such data if he/she has a well understanding about the local faults. Genetic algorithm can be applied to significantly raise the efficiency of searching a best solution among all possibilities in this kind of inversion. A testifying check of the program and analyses of each parameter＇s influence may further enhance the reliability of inversion results. Taking complexity of geological structure into account, the inversion results should be regarded as the predominant property or a comprehensive effect of triggered local faults＇ activities. As an attempt, we inverted the assumingly active faults＇ slips triggered by the Ms=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake over Beijing area.     

珊瑚脂质是其共生虫黄藻密度降低时的重要能量来源

近年来珊瑚白化现象日益严峻。白化意味着珊瑚共生虫黄藻密度的降低,然而目前关于珊瑚体内的脂质在虫黄藻密度降低时对维持能量供给稳定的意义尚不清楚。本研究以2020年3月和6月在西沙群岛采集的帛琉蜂巢珊瑚（Favia palauensis）和澄黄滨珊瑚（Porites lutea）样品为材料,通过生理参数（虫黄藻密度、脂质含量）与地球化学指标（虫黄藻的稳定氮同位素δ¹⁵N_z值）相结合的方法,探讨了珊瑚脂质对虫黄藻密度及其光合作用强度变化的响应。结果显示,夏季两种珊瑚的虫黄藻密度和δ¹⁵N_z值均显著下降,意味着夏季虫黄藻密度降低导致了其光合作用强度的降低。与此同时,两种珊瑚的脂质含量也显著下降,并且脂质含量与虫黄藻密度、δ¹⁵N_z值之间均呈正相关关系,这说明珊瑚脂质含量与虫黄藻光合作用强度的变化之间存在耦合关系。当光合作用强度降低时,珊瑚可以通过消耗其自身储存的脂质更好地维持能量供给的稳定,这对提高环境胁迫的适应能力以及抗白化能力具有重要意义。     

The abundance and radial distribution of satellite galaxies

Using detailed mock galaxy redshift surveys (MGRSs) we investigate the abundance and radial distribution of satellite galaxies. The mock surveys are constructed using large numerical simulations and the conditional luminosity function (CLF), and are compared against data from the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). We use Monte Carlo Markov chains to explore the full posterior distribution of the CLF parameter space, and show that the average relation between light and mass is tightly constrained and in excellent agreement with our previous models and with that of Vale & Ostriker. The radial number density distribution of satellite galaxies in the 2dFGRS reveals a pronounced absence of satellites at small projected separations from their host galaxies. This is (at least partly) owing to the overlap and merging of galaxy images in the 2dFGRS parent catalogue. Owing to the resulting close-pair incompleteness we are unfortunately unable to put meaningful constraints on the radial distribution of satellite galaxies; the data are consistent with a radial number density distribution that follows that of the dark matter particles, but we cannot rule out alternatives with a constant number density core. Marginalizing over the full CLF parameter space, we show that in a ΛCDM concordance cosmology the observed abundances of host and satellite galaxies in the 2dFGRS indicate a power spectrum normalization of  σ₈≃ 0.7  . The same cosmology but with  σ₈= 0.9  is unable to match simultaneously the abundances of host and satellite galaxies. This confirms our previous conclusions based on the pairwise peculiar velocity dispersions and the group multiplicity function.     

Effects of rainfall on oil droplet size and the dispersion of spilled oil with application to Douglas Channel,British Columbia,Canada

Raindrops falling on the sea surface produce turbulence. The present study examined the influence of rain-induced turbulence on oil droplet size and dispersion of oil spills in Douglas Channel in British Columbia, Canada using hourly atmospheric data in 2011–2013. We examined three types of oils: a light oil (Cold Lake Diluent - CLD), and two heavy oils (Cold Lake Blend - CLB and Access Western Blend - AWB). We found that the turbulent energy dissipation rate produced by rainfalls is comparable to what is produced by wind-induced wave breaking in our study area. With the use of chemical dispersants, our results indicate that a heavy rainfall (rain rate > 20 mm h^? 1) can produce the maximum droplet size of 300 μm for light oil and 1000 μm for heavy oils, and it can disperse the light oil with fraction of 22–45% and the heavy oils of 8–13%, respectively. Heavy rainfalls could be a factor for the fate of oil spills in Douglas Channel, especially for a spill of light oil and the use of chemical dispersants.     

Semantically Enriching an Open Source Sensor Observation Service Implementation for Accessing Heterogeneous Environmental Data Sources

Many kinds of environmental data are nowadays publicly available, but spread over the web. This article discusses using the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as a common interface for providing data from heterogeneous sources which can be integrated to a user tailored environmental information system. In order to allow for providing user‐tailored and problem‐specific information the adjusted SOS is augmented by a semantic layer which maps the environmental information to ontology concepts. The necessary information fusion from different domains and data types lead to several specific requirements for the SOS. Addressing these requirements we have implemented a SOS which still conforms to the OGC SOS 1.0.0 standard specification. The developed SOS has been integrated in a publicly available demonstrator of our personalized environmental information system. Additionally this article discusses future consequences for the SOS, caused by the recently published SOS 2.0 specification.     

四川盆地普光气田上二叠统长兴组表生岩溶特征及意义*

四川盆地二叠系和三叠系的接触关系以及长兴组岩溶成因的认识,地质界一直存在较大分歧。通过野外露头、钻井、岩心、成像测井、C-O同位素等资料研究发现,普光气田长兴组发育大规模溶沟、溶洞、囊状溶洞、岩溶角砾岩;P/T界线附近长兴组溶蚀灰岩碳同位素发生严重负偏移;长兴组顶见不整合面,成像测井岩溶相带划分明显;长兴组顶部存在地层缺失。综合分析认为,普光气田长兴组发生过表生岩溶作用,长兴阶晚期重大海退事件是引起表生岩溶的主要因素。长兴组长期接受表生岩溶作用的改造,除形成台地边缘礁滩相储集层外,在礁滩欠发育的台地内部和台地前缘上斜坡等区带,是寻找不整合岩溶储集层的有利地区。