The Space and Planetary Robotics Network

Alex Ellery and the SPRN team report on the inaugural meeting of a cross-disciplinary initiative to bring together and enhance UK expertise in robotics and space engineering.     

青海省区域地壳稳定性初探

本文主要应用地球物理指标B(布格重力异常梯度值,单位毫伽/公里)值,结合深断裂、地壳结构、布格重力异常特征、莫霍面形态和历史地震分布,对省内区域地壳划分了四个不稳定区;两个次不稳定区;三个基本稳定区和一个稳定区。     

一个独居石古砂矿的初步研究

本文介绍了一个独居石古砂矿,这个古砂矿中的独居石具有独特的特征。它的外形常呈液圆或卵形颗粒,偶见有部分晶面保存完好的晶体,表面粗糙不平,色调浑浊不清。常呈灰褐色、灰绿褐色或黄褐色。笔者应用了化学分析、X射线粉晶分析、红外吸收光谱分析等测试手段,对独居石进行了初步研究。     

Morphostructure and evolution of the central and Eastern Bransfield Basins (NW Antarctic Peninsula)

The Bransfield Basin is a narrow and elongated active rift basin located between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. The Bransfield Basin is composed of three small basins, and two of them, the Central and Eastern Bransfield Basins, were surveyed during a recent cruise (GEBRA 93). The full swath bathymetry coverage as well as the single-channel seismic reflection and magnetic profiles that have been acquired, help us to better understand the morphostructure and recent evolution of the Bransfield Basin. Six large volcanic edifices aligned with the basin axis stick out of the sedimented seafloor of the Central Bransfield Basin. In contrast, the Eastern Bransfield Basin is characterised by four deep troughs displaying a rhombic-shape, and small, scattered volcanic cones located in the southwestern half basin. Seamount volcanism plays an important role in the formation of new crust in the Bransfield Basin. The larger seamounts of the Central Bransfield Basin are located at the intersection of the two main orthogonal sets of faults (longitudinal ENE-WSW and transversal NNW-SSE). Morphological analysis of the seamounts indicates a multi-staged volcano-tectonic construction. The distribution and shape of these edifices suggests that both volcanism and extension are concentrated at the same preferential areas through time. This might be related to the fracturation style of the continental crust. The Central and Eastern Bransfield Basins are very different in morphostructure, volcanism, and sedimentary cover. The Central Bransfield Basin shows evidence of NW-SE extensional faulting and focused active MORB-volcanism interpreted as result of incipient seafloor spreading. The Eastern Bransfield Basin is still in a rifting stage, mainly dominated by a NW-SE extension and some left-lateral strike-slip component probably related to the South Scotia Ridge.J. Acosta, J. Baraza, P. Bart, A.M. Calafat, J.L. Casamor, M. De Batist, G. Ercilla, G. Francés, E. Ramos, J.L. Sanz, and A. Tassone.     

Design and development of the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope

Led by the National Solar Observatory, plans have been made to design and to develop the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST). The ATST will be a 4‐m general‐purpose solar telescope equipped with adaptive optics and versatile post‐focus instrumentation. Its main aim will be to achieve an angular resolution of 0.03 arcsec (20 km on the solar surface). The project and the telescope design are briefly described.     

Better models are more effectively connected models

Water‐ and sediment‐transfer models are commonly used to explain or predict patterns in the landscape at scales different from those at which observations are available. These patterns are often the result of emergent properties that occur because processes of water and sediment transfer are connected in different ways. Recent advances in geomorphology suggest that it is important to consider, at a specific spatio‐temporal scale, the structural connectivity of system properties that control processes, and the functional connectivity resulting from the way those processes operate and evolve through time. We argue that a more careful consideration of how structural and functional connectivity are represented in models should lead to more robust models that are appropriate for the scale of application and provide results that can be upscaled. This approach is necessary because, notwithstanding the significant advances in computer power in recent years, many geomorphic models are still unable to represent the landscape in sufficient detail to allow all connectivity to emerge. It is important to go beyond the simple representation of structural connectivity elements and allow the dynamics of processes to be represented, for example by using a connectivity function. This commentary aims to show how a better representation of connectivity in models can be achieved, by considering the sorts of landscape features present, and whether these features can be represented explicitly in the model spatial structure, or must be represented implicitly at the subgrid scale. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆玛因鄂博断裂带中花岗质糜棱岩锆石U-Pb SHRIMP和黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄及意义

玛因鄂博断裂带具有左型剪切活动特征,分布其中的花岗质糜棱岩呈脉状、条带状产出,展布方向与剪切拉伸方向一致,为同构造花岗岩。其岩石化学为高钾钙碱性系列,属后碰撞“I”型花岗岩;稀土元素含量较高,ΣREE为(239.14~266.31)×10-6;具有中等程度的铕负异常,δEu为0.45~0.66,轻稀土明显富集。其锆石U-PbSHRIMP年龄为281±4Ma,黑云母40Ar-39Ar等时线年龄为236.1±1.2Ma。二者分别代表岩石的侵入年龄和后期的剪切变形年龄。其形成与早二叠世区域性大规模剪切活动有关,而黑云母40Ar-39Ar等时线年龄代表中三叠世早期的剪切变形活动。结合前人资料分析,玛因鄂博断裂的剪切活动持续时间较长,高峰期可能为290~270Ma,而其最后结束时间为230Ma左右。     

南岭东段赣南地区天门山花岗岩体及花岗斑岩脉的SHRIMP定年及其意义

赣南地区岩浆岩分布广泛,其中燕山期岩浆活动最为强烈,与W、Sn、Nb、Ta成矿的关系尤为密切。选择天门山岩体及附近的花岗斑岩脉为研究对象,应用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年技术,对天门山岩体的主体、补体和花岗斑岩脉进行了精确测年:天门山岩体的主体——中细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的9个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2Ma(MSWD=1.09);补体——细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩锆石的5个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为152±2.6Ma(MSWD=0.16);花岗斑岩(墙)脉锆石10个点的SHRIMP谐和年龄为150.8±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.6)。结合区域资料,研究表明:①天门山岩体的主体形成于中侏罗世,补体是主体进一步分异演化的产物;②在赣南西部的崇余犹矿集区内成岩与成矿的年龄基本上是协调一致的,成矿集中期为150~155Ma;③岩浆活动由中深成相花岗岩侵入体演化到浅成相花岗斑岩脉仅相差1~5Ma,表明存在成矿集中期。