Understanding the Biogeochemical Process and Mechanism of Ecosystem Carbon Cycle from the Perspective of the Earth's Critical Zone

Previous research rarely considers the biogeochemistry process of the whole rock weathering layer-soil profile. The aim of Critical Zone science is re-understanding the structure and function of ecosystems from the canopy to bedrock, which emphasizes the relationship of material and energy between atmosphere and plant, between plant and soil, between soil and river in small watershed on the watershed scale. Carbon fixation and allocation are the key starting processes. Decomposition and transformation of soil carbon are the key turnover processes. Carbon migration and balance in small watershed are the key transfer processes. Further research is needed in the process, mechanism and ecology function of ecosystem carbon cycle from the canopy to bedrock based on the watershed scale. Carbon isotope technology has the function of indication, tracing and integration. Based on the ¹³C natural tracing and artificial labelling methods, we can further understand the process and mechnism of carbon biogeochemistry.     

异类矿物结构基元层间层矿物及墨铜矿的研究

本文提出了“异类矿物结构基元层间层矿物”这一新概念，从五个方面限定了其含义，扩展了“间层矿物”的内涵。对其典型矿物墨铜矿进行了Ｘ射线，电子探针和高分辨透射电镜的初步研究，取得了一些新认识，墨铜矿在ｃ方向有序，重复周期为１１．４５Ａ，在ａ，ｂ方向无序，不存在超晶胞。     

The anticorrelation between the hard X-ray photon index and the Eddington ratio in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei

We find a significant anticorrelation between the hard X-ray photon index Γ and the Eddington ratio   L _bol/ L _Edd  for a sample of low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions and local Seyfert galaxies, compiled from literature with Chandra or XMM–Newton observations. This result is in contrast with the positive correlation found in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN), while it is similar to that of X-ray binaries (XRBs) in the low/hard state. Our result is qualitatively consistent with the spectra produced from advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). It implies that the X-ray emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) may originate from the Comptonization process in ADAF, and the accretion process in LLAGN may be similar to that of XRBs in the low/hard state, which is different from that in luminous AGN.     

高能级强夯法处理深厚吹填砂土地基现场试验

沿海吹填砂土地基地下水位较高、常含软土夹层,地基处理难度大。为了研究高能级强夯在这类吹填砂土地基上的加固效果,在山东沿海某吹填砂土场地开展6 000和8 000 kN·m能级强夯加固试验。试验结束后分别运用标准贯入试验、静力触探试验、平板载荷试验进行现场检测。通过对比分析了设计要求深度范围内标准贯入试验和静力触探试验,发现夯前夯后标准贯入试验击数和静力触探锥尖试验阻力均明显提升,有效消除了饱和砂土和饱和粉土的液化势;通过平板载荷试验p-s曲线及夯后静力触探锥尖阻力标准值与承载力特征值的关系式,得到夯后砂土地基承载力特征值≥120 kPa,验证了高能级强夯方案的可行性。其次,对软土夹层位置和地下水位高度展开研究,发现软土层会阻碍夯击能传递,减小强夯有效加固深度,且软土层位置不同对强夯加固效果影响程度不同,强夯影响临界范围处存在软土层时,有效加固深度为软土层顶部位置处;对砂土地基进行4 000 kN·m能级强夯试验时,发现未降水强夯后有效加固深度为5 m,降水至地面以下3 m强夯后有效加固深度达到了7 m,提高了加固效果。在高能级强夯研究基础上,对现场吹填砂土地基进行了75万m²的大面积高能级强夯施工,发现处理后地基能够满足建筑用地要求。     

中国经济高质量发展的空间关联网络及其作用机制

高质量发展是中国“十四五”乃至更长时期经济社会发展的主题,也是适应社会主要矛盾变化的基本要求,更是建设社会主义现代化国家的关键路径和遵循经济实践规律的根本所在。本文从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度构建经济高质量发展的评价指标体系,测度了2011—2018年中国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的经济高质量发展水平,在此基础上运用社会网络分析（SNA）和二次指派程序（QAP）分别对经济高质量发展的关联网络结构特征和经济高质量发展差异的作用机制进行分析。研究发现：① 空间关联网络的关联度一直为1,且网络密度稳定在0.2~0.26之间,省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络通达性较强且存在多重叠加现象和一定的等级性,但关联紧密程度有待提高,各网络指标保持相对稳定。② 省际经济高质量发展的空间关联网络可以分为4个板块,其中以西部省份为主的“净溢出”板块获益最小;以中部省份为主的“经纪人”板块起着“中介”和“桥梁”的作用;以环渤海省份为主的“双向溢出”板块和以长三角、东南沿海省份为主的“净受益”板块在空间关联网络中的掌控和支配作用更大,且在全国经济高质量发展过程中所起的极化作用大于涓滴作用。③ 人力资本、城市化水平、金融科技和环境质量的地区差异都会直接造成地区间经济高质量发展水平的差异,人力资本差异对其贡献超过了90%。     

山西中部地区近500年来生态环境劣变与气象灾害加剧的分析研究

本文在搜集了大量生态环境历史变迁及气象灾害史料的基础上,应用历史学、生态学、环境学、灾害学等多学科理论与方法,对山西中部地区自明代前中期以来近500年的生态环境劣变过程,以及在其影响下的气象灾害变化情况进行了分析研究后,得出初步结论:森林毁坏导致生态环境破坏,具有不可逆性和累积性的特征。生态环境一旦被破坏就很难恢复;生态环境遭破坏引发4个方面恶果:一是水土流失会长期存在,并逐趋加重。二是洪涝灾害明显加剧。三是干旱频率显著增大。四是局地性强对流天气造成的灾害趋于严重。森林毁坏,生态环境恶化导致气象灾害加剧,反过来气象灾害加剧又促使生态环境进一步恶化。     

Joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields in zero-offset vertical seismic profile data

The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in reservoirs can be obtained accurately from the data analysis of vertical seismic profile in terms of the quality-factor Q. The common methods usually use the downgoing wavefields in vertical seismic profile data. However, the downgoing wavefields consist of more than 90% energy of the spectrum of the vertical seismic profile data, making it difficult to estimate the viscoacoustic parameters accurately. Thus, a joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity and quality-factor is proposed based on the multi-objective functions and analysis of the difference between the results inverted from the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields. A simple separating step is accomplished by the reflectivity method to obtain the individual wavefields in vertical seismic profile data, and then a joint inversion is carried out to make full use of the information of the individual wavefields and improve the convergence of viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion. The sensitivity analysis of the different wavefields to the velocity and quality-factor shows that the upgoing and downgoing wavefields contribute differently to the viscoacoustic parameters. A numerical example validates our method can improve the accuracy of viscoacoustic parameters compared with the direct inversion using full wavefield and the separate inversion using upgoing or downgoing wavefield. The application on real field data indicates our method can recover a reliable viscoacoustic model, which helps reservoir appraisal.     

辛勤耕耘夯基础,高瞻远瞩指方向——新中国煤田构造研究领域的奠基人高文泰先生的学术贡献

高文泰先生的研究领域涉及煤田地质学和构造地质学的一系列重大问题,他承担了第一次全国煤田预测的学术指导工作,为新中国煤炭资源勘查和煤炭地质教育事业的发展以及中国煤田地质学理论体系的建立奠定了坚实的基础。高先生积极倡导将板块构造理论应用于煤田地质研究领域,强调板块构造格局对中国煤田分布的控制作用,这从战略上指出了找煤方向;重视构造地质与煤田地质之间的紧密联系,对中国煤变质特征和有关煤岩问题进行了有益的探讨,强调构造格局和构造作用对煤变质的影响;注重加强隐伏煤田构造研究,提出隐伏煤田构造研究的思路和技术方法体系,并在找煤实践中取得良好效果。高先生重视新技术、新理论、新方法在煤田构造研究学中的应用,积极推动学科发展。     

水震波异常与中期强震危险性关系初探

近年来在我国井网中发现某些强震之前井水位记震特性的异常现象。本文根据理论分析、试验研究与井网中统计结果提出水震波异常与区域应力状态的变化之间可能存在着一定关系,然后广泛收集了华北地区15口井水位1985—1991年间的水震波资料并系统分析了1989年10月19日大同—阳高M_s6.1地震前后井水位记震特性的变化,确认强震前存在着水震波异常。     

北斗剖面浮标数据服务系统设计与业务运行

北斗剖面浮标数据服务系统主要由北斗剖面浮标数据自动接收/监视子系统和北斗剖面浮标数据解码、处理及分发共享子系统组成,具备自动、批量、业务化接收国产北斗剖面浮标数据,以及业务化处理和分发浮标数据的能力,为我国主导建设南海或“21 世纪海上丝绸之路”Argo 区域海洋观测网提供了关键技术保障。催生的中国北斗剖面浮标数据服务中心,也为北斗剖面浮标走出国门、参与国际竞争奠定了坚实基础,成为世界上 3 个有能力为全球 Argo 实时海洋观测网提供剖面浮标观测数据服务的国家平台之一。