遥感和光谱地质进展及其对矿产勘查的实践应用

根据2009年Economic Geology出版的专辑Remote Sensing and Spectral Geology,近年来发表的相关文献以及研究和应用的实践,对遥感与光谱地质进行了综述.内容从测谱学、TM/ETM和ASTER宽波段遥感应用,到地面和航空高光谱遥感应用与热红外遥感.传统的信息填图主要是解译,现...     

北祁连山—阿拉善地区寒武纪构造—岩相古地理

通过对大量野外露头资料的详细分析,结合前人对该区的研究成果,对北祁连山—阿拉善地区的地层划分,构造演化及沉积相类型进行了研究。对香山群、韩母山群进行了重新厘定,将香山群的时代厘定为寒武纪—奥陶纪,韩母山群厘定为震旦纪—寒武纪。在研究区共识别出4种沉积相类型：海岸相、浅海相、半深海相及深海—洋盆相。在上述研究的基础上,采...     

Pressure Evolution and Hydrocarbon Migration-Accumulation in the Moliqing Fault Depression,Yitong Basin,Northeast China

The Yitong(伊通) basin is a Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental sedimentary basin in Northeast China.On the basis of well tests and seismic data,we use the 2D modeling technique to rebuild the pressure evolution and hydrocarbon migration in the Moliqing(莫里青) fault depression of the Yitong basin.Based on the modeling results,four conclusions are drawn as follows.(1) The Eocene Shuangyang(双阳) Formation within the Moliqing fault depression had entirely undergone three epi-sodic cycles of pressure accumulation...     

Source Apportionment of PAHs Using Two Mathematical Models for Mangrove Sediments in Shantou Coastal Zone,China

Thirty-five surface sediment samples collected from three mangroves in Shantou coastal zone, China in 2007 were analyzed for a suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two mathematical models were used to determine the profiles and relative contributions of PAH sources to the mangroves. The two models are principal component analyses (PCA) with multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Both models identified five factors and gave excellent correlation coefficients between predicted and measured levels of 16 PAH compounds, but the results had some differences. The PAH contribution rate attributed to vehicular emission sources identified by PCA-MLR was 37.20%, but the rate identified by PMF was only 12.37%. The main sources identified by PCA-MLR were combination of biomass/coal combustion and vehicular emissions, whereas the main source identified by PMF was only biomass/coal combustion. The PMF analysis was the preferred model for the paper data set.     

Sorption and desorption behavior of lead on a Chinese kaolin

The sorption and desorption of Pb on kaolin from Suzhou, China were investigated. The sorption experiment was conducted in a 0.01 M NaNO₃ aqueous solution with respect to the effects of initial Pb concentration, pH, solid/solution ratio, and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich models well described equilibrium isotherms of Pb sorption. Less than 5% of Pb sorbed was desorbed with 0.01 M NaNO₃ extraction, suggesting a dominant specific sorption of Pb. As the initial pH increased, the sorption of Pb on the kaolin increased. More than 60% of Pb was sorbed at pH 2.69 far below the point of zero net charge of the kaolin at 4.2, indicating a mechanism of Pb inner-sphere complex or by chemisorption. Lead sorption decreased with increasing temperature, indicating a process of exothermic sorption.     

关联矩阵法与城市宜居指标的结构关系度量——以中国老年人宜居城市评价指标体系为例

城市宜居环境综合评价本质上是城市内部包括物质空间、社会文化空间等众多要素之间的结构关系研究。城市系统结构可以分为不同的亚系统,亚系统之间的关系可以用数量方法确定。以中国老年人宜居城市评价指标体系为例,介绍和比较了各种宜居环境评价指标体系指标赋权的方法,应用关联矩阵法确定老年人城市宜居环境各亚系统之间,以及亚系统内部各个指标的重要性。旨在说明关联矩阵法在确定城市结构中各亚系统关联度上具有合理、简便的特点,尤其是具有将客观性与主观性评价相结合的优势。     

Application of a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method on a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea area

In recent years, oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China. Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation. In this paper, a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples. The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane, n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test. It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory. They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil. The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character. The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation, but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.     

Sexual fusion and life history of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in Dalian, china

Morphology and life history of a brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngbye) Link (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) were investigated from 2005 to 2009 in the coastal waters of Dalian, China. The erect thalli collected in the field were tubular, hollow, and commonly constricted at intervals. Ascocysts were presented. Plurilocular gametangia, which were positioned in continuous sori on the erect thallus surface, produced biflagellar gametes. Gametophytes were dioecious and gametes were nearly isogamous. Gametes fusion occurred in three types. Type one, female and male gametes fused directly while swimming; type two, female gamete settled first, with which a male one contacted and fused rapidly; type three, while settling adjacently, a male gamete’s entire protoplast moved slowly into the previously settled female one, with only an empty cell membrane left. In culture zygotes developed into crustose sporophytes that formed unilocular sporangia. Biflagellar zoospores developed into erect thalli that formed plurilocular gametangia. The results indicated that a periodical heteromorphic alternation history with haploid gametophyte generation and diploid sporophyte generation exists in S. lomentaria of the Dalian populations.     

Data preprocessing and preliminary results of the Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope on the CE-3 lander

The Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope(MUVT) is one of the payloads on the Chang'e-3(CE-3) lunar lander. Because of the advantages of having no atmospheric disturbances and the slow rotation of the Moon, we can make long-term continuous observations of a series of important celestial objects in the near ultraviolet band(245～340 nm), and perform a sky survey of selected areas, which cannot be completed on Earth. We can find characteristic changes in celestial brightness with time by analyzing image data from the MUVT, and deduce the radiation mechanism and physical properties of these celestial objects after comparing with a physical model. In order to explain the scientific purposes of MUVT, this article analyzes the preprocessing of MUVT image data and makes a preliminary evaluation of data quality. The results demonstrate that the methods used for data collection and preprocessing are effective, and the Level 2A and 2B image data satisfy the requirements of follow-up scientific researches.