华北地区不同下垫面对沙尘暴的影响

1 Introduction Sand-dust storm is a large-scale transporting process of fine particles under the intense m ovem entofcurrent.These fine particles are induced by wind erosion on land surface (Dong, 2000).Sand-dust storm is not only a crucial environmental …     

镇江市寒潮特征分析及中、短期预报模型

对镇江地区1980-2010年寒潮天气过程及相关物理量统计分析结果表明:寒潮强度与范围成正比,强寒潮和特强寒潮只发生在镇江市4个基本观测站均达到寒潮标准的情况下。寒潮酝酿阶段500 h Pa超长波以波1、波2为主要波型,暴发阶段波3为主要波型。冷空气影响镇江前,500 h Pa纬向平均有效位能有2次能量积聚过程,纬向平均动能在25-45°N内加强,西风指数在35-55°N内出现≥30 m·s~(-1)的峰值。寒潮强度越强,冷空气影响前1~3天500 h Pa寒潮关键区温度和位势高度越低。冷空气影响前后,镇江站最低气温、最低地温、平均气压和850h Pa温度的降(增)幅均随时效增长而增大。利用超长波、纬向平均有效位能、纬向平均动能及西风指数的中期变化结果,通过权重法建立寒潮中期预报模型;利用"CMA最新寒潮等级方法"的判别标准,确定寒潮发生具体日期;根据500 h Pa寒潮关键区温度、位势高度,镇江850 h Pa温度、日最低气温、地表温度的短期变化情况,建立寒潮短期强度等级预报模型。建立的寒潮中、短期预报模型,对2011-2016年镇江出现的15次寒潮过程全部报出,并报准5次强寒潮中的4次寒潮强度等级。     

Coronal oscillations as revealed by solar hard X-ray bursts

During the 21st solar activity cycle the HXRBS aboard SMM satellite and the HXM on HINOTORI spacecraft detected several thousand hard X-ray solar flares. Studies of the temporal properties of these events had revealed hundreds of examples of fast spikes with durations of less than 1 sec. We analysed part of these observations and found that they have four common characteristics. Among these characteristics, quasi-periodic oscillations led us to believe the possibility of oscillations existing in the corona. We have studied the characteristics of the oscillations and derived their periods. The conditions of trapping the oscillations are also discussed.     

Timing of formation of the Hongdonggou Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit,Henan Province,China: Evidence from Rb-Sr isotopic dating of sphalerites

The Hongdonggou Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit,located in the southwestern part of the Luanchuan Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore mineralization in Henan Province,China,is an important part of the East Qinling metallogenic belt.The orebodies in the deposit,which are vein,bedded and lenticular,are mainly hosted in the syenite porphyry,and formed within the carbonate and clastic rocks of the Yuku and Qiumugou formations partially.The genesis of the deposit has previously been argued to be of hydrothermal-vein type or of skarn-hydrothermal type.In this study,we report the results of Rb-Sr isotopic dating based on sphalerites from the main orebody of the Hongdonggou Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit,which yield an isochron age of 135.7 ± 3.2 Ma,constraining the timing of mineralization as early Cretaceous.The age is close to those reported for the Pb-Zn deposits in the Luanchuan ore belt.The(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr),values of the sphalerites(0.71127 + 0.00010) are lower than that of terrigenous silicates(0.720) and higher than the mantle(0.707),suggesting that the metallogenic components were mainly derived through crust-mantle mixing.Combining the results from this study with those from previous work,we propose that the Hongdonggou Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit is a hydrothermal-vein deposit associated with the early Cretaceous tectonothermal event,and the mineralization is controlled by NWand near EW-trending faults in the Luanchuan Mo-W-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore concentration belt.     

Comprehensive evaluation of heavy metal contamination in surface and core sediments of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China

The spatial and temporal variations of Fe, K, Co, V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb were determined in the sediments of Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China and categorized into natural origin (Fe, K, Co, and V) and human contamination (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb) groups by principal component analysis. Most of the metals were positively correlated with the clay content (<4???m) and negatively correlated with the >16???m fraction, indicating the dominant role of grain size in regulating metals concentrations. Geochemical normalization and enrichment factors (EFs) were introduced to reduce the confounding of variable grain size and to quantify anthropogenic contributions. Higher EF values for Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn occurred in the north Zhushan, Meiliang, and Gonghu Bays, indicating a high level of human contamination from the northern cities, such as Wuxi and Changzhou. Higher EF values of Pb were also present in the southwest and east lake areas, denoting the existence of additional anthropogenic sources. Chrome, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb showed increasing EF values in the top layers of sediment cores, indicating enhancing contamination since 1970s with rapid economy development in the catchment. These results indicate that geochemical normalization is a necessary and effective method in quantifying heavy metals contamination, and that historic sediment should be used as background values in calculating EFs. Potential risks of the heavy metals were assessed linking the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines and human contamination. Concentrations of Ni and Cr are greater than the threshold effect concentration (TEC) values, even in the sediments before 1970s, due to higher background concentrations in terrestrial parent materials. Concentrations of Ni and Cr are generally lower than the probable effect concentration (PEC) values, and concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the TEC values in the open lake areas. Whereas, concentrations of Ni and Cr are surpassing the PEC values and Cu and Zn are surpassing the TEC values in the north bays due to the high level of human contamination, where they were with EFs over 1.2, denoting higher potential eco-risks.     

Pseudosection modelling and garnet Lu–Hf geochronology of HP amphibole schists constrain the closure of an ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks,central Tibet

The P–T–t path of high‐P metamorphic rocks in subduction zones may reveal valuable information regarding the tectonic processes along convergent plate boundaries. Herein, we present a detailed petrological, pseudosection modelling and radiometric dating study of several amphibole schists of oceanic affinity from the Lhasa Block, Tibet. The amphibole schists experienced an overall clockwise P–T path that was marked by post‐P_max heating–decompression and subsequent isothermal decompression following the attainment of peak high‐P and low‐T conditions (~490°C and 1.6 GPa). Pseudosection modelling shows that the amphibole schists underwent water‐unsaturated conditions during prograde metamorphism, and the stability field of the assemblage extends to lower temperatures and higher pressures within the water‐unsaturated condition relative to water‐saturated model along the prograde path. The high‐P amphibole schists were highly reduced during retrograde metamorphism. Precise evaluation of the ferric iron conditions determined from the different compositions of epidote inclusions in garnet and matrix epidote is crucial for a true P–T estimate by garnet isopleth thermobarometry. Lu–Hf isotope analyses on garnet size separates from a garnet‐bearing amphibole schist yield four two‐point garnet–whole‐rock isochron ages from 228.2 ± 1.2 Ma to 224.3 ± 1.2 Ma. These Lu–Hf dates are interpreted to constrain the period of garnet growth and approximate the timing of prograde metamorphism because of the low peak metamorphic temperature of the rock and the well‐preserved Mn/Lu growth zoning in garnet. The majority of zircon U–Pb dates provide no constraints on the timing of metamorphism; however, two concordant U–Pb dates of 222.4 ± 3.9 Ma and 223.3 ± 4.2 Ma were obtained from narrow and uncommon metamorphic rims. Coexistence of zircon and sphene in the samples implies that the metamorphic zircon growth was likely assisted by retrogression of rutile to sphene during exhumation. The near coincident radiometric dates of zircon U–Pb and garnet Lu–Hf indicate rapid burial and exhumation of the amphibole schists, suggesting a closure time of c. 224–223 Ma for the fossil ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks.     

地理信息产业法规体系的总体框架和立法要点

尽管法学理论界仍存在着是否把信息法作为一门部门法的争论,但是信息社会需要法,信息产业需要法,地理信息产业的发展计划,实施情况,市场动态,世界范围的合作和交流更需要法,这是不容置疑的.     

逐步门限自回归模型及其建模方案

针对门限自回归模型在模型识别方面的不足，提出了逐步门限自回归模型，并同时给出了该模型的一种建模方案。数值实例表明，逐步门限自回归模型在模拟和预报稳定上比一般门限自回归模型有一定程度的提高。