Effects of modified clay flocculation on major nutrients and diatom aggregation during Skeletonema costatum blooms in the laboratory

Harmful algal blooms(HABs) can elicit several negative effects on aquatic environment(such as depleting the oxygen, blocking the sunlight, destroying the habitats of organisms) and life health(including poisoning/killing marine mammals, birds and human). Among the various control strategies for HABs(physical manipulation needs lots of manpower and expensive equipment, chemicals treatment has some toxic byproduct and high residual, microbial agents only has limited in laboratory research), the coagulation-flocculation of HAB species by modified clay(MC) has been proven to be an effective, lowcost and environmentally friendly method that has been widely applied in the field, particularly in eastern Asia. In order to examine the long-term effects of MC treatment, this study investigated the alternations in seawater of Skeletonema costatum, a high biomass dominant HAB species along the Chinese coast, by comparing the degradation of S. costatum detritus(A1) with the application of MC treatment(A2) and MC treatment in sediment condition(A3). The low dosage of 0.25 g/L MC could efficiently remove 4×108 cells/L of S. costatum cells within 3.5 h(approximately 97% removal). In addition, the results showed that both inorganic and organic nutrients were effectively reduced from seawater by MC particles. Compared to the total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) concentrations in A1 seawater, 44% of TN and 93% of TP in A2 seawater, as well as 72% of TN and 93% of TP in A3 seawater were removed during the onemonth incubation period. Simultaneously, 64% of DISi in A2 and 44% of DISi in A3 significantly decreased( P 0.001). This study demonstrated that MC treatment was able to significantly increase the downward flux of nutrients and delay the release velocity of inorganic nutrient from MC-algae matrix into the overlying seawater, particularly within sediment environment.     

Morphotectonics and tectonic processes of the Southwest Indian OceanEI北大核心CSCD

The Southwest Indian mid-ocean ridge (SWIR) is an ultraslow spreading ridge. Based on the submarine bathymetric data, we develop a new division principle on submarine morphotectonics and subdivide the SWIR into the seven-order tectonic geomorphologic units. Taking its submarine morphotectonics in the middle segment and adjacent seafloors of the mid-ocean ridge between Discovery II and Gallieni transform faults as a sample, this paper systematically analyzes its tectonic evolution, segmentation, segmentation and propagation mechanism, the formation of the central rift valley, the ridge-plume interactions, and the ocean ridge jumping. The results showed that the mid-ocean ridges can be divided into four three-order morphotectonics units (i.e., one-order segments of mid-ocean ridge), from west to east, which are separated by the Andrew Bain, the Prince Edwards, the Discovery II, and the Gallieni transform faults, respectively, corresponding to ridge landforms associated with a strongly hotspot-affected ridge, a weakly hotspot-affected ridge, and a normal ultraslow spreading ridge. Each segment can be further subdivided into three or four secondary segments. This paper focuses only on the segmentation and division from fourth-order to seventh-order morphotectonics units between the Discovery II and the Gallieni transform faults (i.e., the fourth-order morphotectonics unit of mid-ocean ridges can be subdivided into other three secondary units). Here the seventh-order morphotectonics unit consists of segments of laterally-aligned rifts (shear zone), en echelon rifts, and other transverse-faulting structures. The mid-ocean ridge segment experienced three oceanic ridge jumping at about 80 Ma, 60 Ma and 40 Ma, respectively, which were affected by the Marion and Crozet hotspots, or the Madagascar Plateau, etc. The oceanic processes of the SWIR are related to the Gondwana breakup, and its tectonic processes has been analyzed in detail as the periodic pull-apart extension, domino-style half-graben, graben subsidence, oceanic core complex, etc. in axial mid-oceanic ridge since 20 Ma. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

基于GIS的县城城区抗震防灾规划的编制1

当前我国许多县城正在进行抗震规划编制工作,本文结合地理信息系统(GIS),介绍了某县城城区抗震防灾规划的编制及基于GIS的抗震防灾决策系统的开发过程。根据对该规划区建筑物的震害预测,得出震后建筑物的破坏状况及经济损失、人员伤亡情况,为规划编制提供理论依据。     

带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构弹塑性地震反应分析

在试验研究的基础上,本文建立了带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构的弹塑性时程分析力学模型。运用DRAIN2D 程序,对带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构及普通短肢剪力墙结构进行了弹塑性地震反应时程分析,对二者计算的结果进行了比较。计算分析表明,带暗支撑短肢剪力墙结构的地震反应,明显小于不带暗支撑的普通短肢剪力墙结构。     

皖东北地区农村民居抗震性能调查与研究

皖东北地区位于郯庐断裂带中南段附近,具备发生中强地震的构造背景.本文基于现场调查,并结合汶川地震的震害,对该地区农村民居的结构特点、抗震能力及地震安全农居示范工程现状进行了阐述,对农村民居抗震性能的薄弱环节及对策进行了探讨,以期为该地区抗震设防工作提供参考.     

熵理论视角下的生态安全研究

生态危机产生的深层原因是人类经济活动产生的过量熵增,导致自然界产生了过多的熵,复合生态系统进入高熵状态。以熵理论为指导,首先通过建立复合生态系统的熵变模型,判断系统是处在安全、临界还是危机状态,然后对人类社会生态安全的演变进行了熵分析。最后提出克服熵增、实现负熵的途径,即构建低熵发展模式,遵循自然生态规律,发展生态产业,加强生态教育,建立生态安全风险防范体系等,由此来规避生态风险,化解生态危机,维护我国的生态安全。     

The anticorrelation between the hard X-ray photon index and the Eddington ratio in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei

We find a significant anticorrelation between the hard X-ray photon index Γ and the Eddington ratio   L _bol/ L _Edd  for a sample of low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions and local Seyfert galaxies, compiled from literature with Chandra or XMM–Newton observations. This result is in contrast with the positive correlation found in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN), while it is similar to that of X-ray binaries (XRBs) in the low/hard state. Our result is qualitatively consistent with the spectra produced from advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). It implies that the X-ray emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) may originate from the Comptonization process in ADAF, and the accretion process in LLAGN may be similar to that of XRBs in the low/hard state, which is different from that in luminous AGN.     

三个全球气象灾害数据库对比及展望

针对气象相关灾害,对3个主要全球灾害数据库进行了概述,包括比利时鲁汶大学国家灾害流行病研究中心的紧急灾害数据库(EM-DAT)、德国慕尼黑再保险公司的自然灾害数据库(NatCat)和瑞士再保险公司的数据库(Sigma),比较了各灾害数据库在建设目的、收录标准及灾害种类划分上的差异.E M-D AT由于能够访问下载,在国...     

基于MODIS的广东省植被指数序列构建与应用

植被指数是衡量植被长势的重要指标,植被指数序列有助于准确地认知植被覆盖、土地利用和土壤水分的时空变化规律,以及进行干旱和植被生长监测.利用2004-2006年的MODIS数据,选择RVI、NDVI和EVI三种植被指数,采用最大值合成法进行广东省植被指数序列构建.按照不同植被覆盖对三种植被指数的年际变化规律进行分析,并通过NDVI进行植被覆盖度计算以及植被覆盖等级分类来分析植被的空间分布.结果表明,建立的植被指数序列能真实地反映植被生长规律,植被覆盖度和广东地区的植被实际分布状况一致.说明建立植被指数序列是动态监测广东省植被长势的及植被环境的变化的有效方法.