Evaluation of blast effects on reinforced concrete buildings considering Operational Modal Analysis results

Seismic protection of buildings under risk can be achieved by increasing the knowledge about the behaviour of existing structures. Operational Modal Analysis is a powerful tool used for this purpose all over the world. It provides the dynamic characteristics of structures under operational conditions or some particular environmental issues such as blasts and earthquakes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate blast effects on a reinforced concrete (RC) building considering experimentally determined dynamic characteristics. The study consists of three phases: the measurement of vibration characteristics of blasting, the theoretical modal analysis of the inspected building, and experimental verification of dynamic characteristics using modal testing. The vibration characteristics of blasting are measured around the inspected building on hard soil using a geophone set. The initial analytical model of the building is constructed according to the in-situ investigation on building. The theoretical modal analysis results are verified by carrying out modal testing on the RC building. The Operational Modal Analysis method is used for the extraction of the dynamic characteristics of the building, and blast vibrations are taken into account as environmental vibrations. The effects of blasting on the reinforced concrete building are introduced by assessing the vibration of blasting with the dynamic characteristics of the building.     

泰山景区地闪分布特征及与海拔高度关系研究

我国因雷击造成的森林火灾和景区人员伤亡时有发生,近年来,泰山景区也多次发生雷击森林火灾和设备损坏等事故。为了有效地避免或降低雷击对泰山景区的危害,利用2007—2018 年山东省闪电定位系统监测的地闪资料,对泰山景区闪电活动特征及其与地形、海拔的相关性进行分析,从而为有效地开展防雷减灾服务及为地方政府部门决策提供技术支撑。 结果表明：虽然不同年份的落雷次数有所差别,但每年不同海拔高度落雷次数的分布特征比较一致,泰山景区年均地闪密度为1.82 次•km-2•a-1,地闪密度较高的区域集中在主峰和主峰西北方4 ～7 km附近山顶区域;地闪活动的季节性分布特征明显,夏季（6—8月）地闪次数约占全年总地闪次数的86.86%,海拔900 m以下落雷次数较多;日落雷次数的高峰时段为14:00—20:00,落区集中在200～800 m之间;正闪强度均值随海拔升高波动较大,负闪强度随海拔的变化较小;地闪密度随海拔升高呈现上升趋势,海拔高度＜800 m的区域地闪密度随海拔增加呈缓慢上升的趋势,海拔高度＞1 000 m的区域地闪密度随海拔增加呈明显上升的趋势,同时发现随海拔高度的增加地闪密度和陡度呈现增大和增高的趋势,800 m以上尤其明显,可见泰山景区地闪密度与陡度和海拔高度呈现较好的正相关性。     

四川盆地中部平昌县龙岗地区节理特征及应力分析

川中平昌县龙岗地区构造变形较弱,岩层近水平,地表构造变形多见节理。通过对龙岗地区2 000余条节理面及擦痕的观测、统计、分析,依据节理的发育特征和运动性质,发现该区发育的NE-SW和NW-SE向节理、NNW-SSE和NEE-SWW向节理、NW-SE至NNW-SSE和NE-SW向节理以及NNE-SSW和NWW-SEE向节理为4套平面X共轭剪节理。节理中以近EW走向最为发育,以走滑为主,逆冲次之。根据其相互切割关系,运用构造解析的方法,结合区域地质背景,对百余条多期(平面X节理及剖面节理)剪节理构造的古应力场(状态)进行反演,推测龙岗地区构造应力场的主压力发生了EW向→NW-SE向→NS向→NE-SW向的多次转换。     

Deformation of dry and wet sandstone targets during hypervelocity impact experiments,as revealed from the MEMIN Program

Abstract– Hypervelocity impact experiments on dry and water‐saturated targets of fine‐grained quartz sandstone, performed within the MEMIN project, have been investigated to determine the effects of porosity and pore space saturation on deformation mechanisms in the crater’s subsurface. A dry sandstone cube and a 90% water‐saturated sandstone cube (Seeberger Sandstein, 20 cm side length, about 23% porosity) were impacted at the Fraunhofer EMI acceleration facilities by 2.5 mm diameter steel spheres at 4.8 and 5.3 km s^?1, respectively. Microstructural postimpact analyses of the bisected craters revealed differences in the subsurface deformation for the dry and the wet target experiments. Enhanced grain comminution and compaction in the dry experiment and a wider extent of localized deformation in the saturated experiment suggest a direct influence of pore water on deformation mechanisms. We suggest that the pore water reduces the shock impedance mismatch between grains and pore space, and thus reduces the peak stresses at grain–grain contacts. This effect inhibits profound grain comminution and effective compaction, but allows for reduced shock wave attenuation and a more effective transport of energy into the target. The reduced shock wave attenuation is supposed to be responsible for the enhanced crater growth and the development of “near surface” fractures in the wet target.     

耕地保护主体的行为方式及其特征分析

耕地保护主体具有基于逐利驱动下的理性思考,从而直接影响耕地保护的效果。在耕地保护行为过程中,地方政府掌握耕地的实际支配权,主导耕地的规划布局,而农民对待耕地保护的积极性则受经济利益的影响较大。现行制度框架下,耕地保护政策具有"委托-代理"关系、政策公平偏好、信息不对称、投入产出不对等、多方面利益干扰等特征。转型时期耕地保护与经济建设之间的矛盾容易凸显,应理性地正视耕地一定程度上的减少,但耕地保护的力度不容放松,需加强制度建设和耕地管理方式的创新,深化国家土地管理宏观调控。     

Kinetic Energy Variability in the North Indian Ocean Using a Numerical Model

The North Indian Ocean exhibits profound impact of variation in lower tropospheric winds. In the present study climatological monthly winds are used to force a nonlinear reduced gravity model of the North Indian Ocean to simulate climatological surface circulation and sea level anomaly for all 12 months of the year. The sea level anomalies agree reasonably well with satellite altimeter derived sea level anomalies. The model successfully simulates the varying eddy structure and current pattern of the North Indian Ocean. Finally, the kinetic energy variation in the North Indian Ocean with special reference to equatorial region and the boundaries is analyzed in detail.     

国际行业温室气体减排方法最新进展评述

由于《巴厘行动计划》中明确提出"合作的行业方法"以及发达国家的积极推动,所谓国际行业减排方法正受到越来越多的关注。在对此类方法的定义、分类和提出背景进行简要介绍的基础上,总结了该类方法的最新进展和发展动向。最后对近期发展的特点进行了归纳与评述,指出了发展中国家尤其是我国在国家和行业发展层面所面临的挑战和亟待解决的问题。     

Inhomogeneous cylindrically-symmetric models in string cosmology

In this paper, the Einstein field equations have been solved for inhomogeneous cylindrically symmetric space times with string source. Certain physical and geometrical properties of the models have been examined.