A statistical riverine litter propagation model.

A statistical riverine litter propagation (RLP) model based on importance sampling Monte Carlo (ISMC) simulation was developed in order to predict the frequency distribution of certain litter types in river reaches. The model was preliminarily calibrated for plastic sheeting by a pilot study conducted on the River Taff, Wales (UK). Litter movement was predominantly controlled by reach characteristics, such as vegetation overhang and water-course obstructions. These affects were modeled in the simulations, by utilizing geometric distributions of river reaches in the time domain. The proposed model satisfactorily simulated the dosing experiments performed at the River Taff. It was concluded from the preliminary calibrations that, the RLP model can be efficiently utilized to portray litter propagation at any arbitrarily selected river site, provided that the stream flows and reach characteristics are calibrated by representative probability distributions of similar sections. Therefore, the RLP model can be considered as a new statistical technique that can predict litter propagation in river sections.     

大厚度饱和砂土液化治理试验研究

饱和砂土液化地基治理是工程建设中面临的一大难题。某拟建电厂工程针对大厚度的饱和砂土液化地基,通过采用大直径振冲碎石桩复合地基的处理方法,开展了大厚度饱和砂土液化地基治理的现场试验研究。试桩施工结束后,通过采用载荷试验、超重型动力触探试验等原位测试方法,对桩间土、桩体及复合地基的承载性能、变形参数及液化处理效果进行了评价和分析,取得了大量可靠的试验数据,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值     

人力资本的空间迁移模式与影响因素分析——以南京市高校毕业生为例

知识经济时代人才是决定区域经济竞争力的重要资源,各地政府发起的人才争夺战日益白热化,中央政府也一再强调应当引导合理、公正、畅通、有序的人才社会性流动.基于南京市高校《毕业生就业质量报告》和一手问卷调查数据,进行毕业生择校迁移与择业迁移模式并采用多项逻辑斯蒂回归模型探究其影响因素研究.研究表明:①南京市高校毕业生中近84...     

铣削斜楔形区域形成及其对流场负压区的影响规律

【目的】研究在内喷淋冷却高速铣孔加工中,铣削斜楔形区域的形成对流场负压区的影响。【方法】对高速湿式铣削加工区域建立三维流场模型,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用非结构化四面体网格单元,利用滑移网格技术对高速铣削过程进行三维瞬态计算。【结果】得到不同刃数、不同转速的立铣刀对同一孔径工件进行切削时流场的压力分布情况。三刃立铣刀斜楔形对流场负压影响最大,当立铣刀刃数增加时,此斜楔形区缩小,负压减小,转速为10 000～20 000 r/min时增长速度逐渐降低,20 000～35 000 r/min时增长速度逐渐增高。【结论】从流场角度分析,流场中最大负压值与转速呈正相关,转速的提高增加了抑制空化的难度;增加铣刀刃数,可减小流场斜楔形区面积,减小空化可能。     

西藏尼雄矿田日阿铜矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

尼雄矿田位于冈底斯成矿带西段中部隆格尔南木林岩浆岩带的北侧.日阿铜矿床位于尼雄矿田的东南端,矿体产于晚白垩世侵入岩与下拉组灰岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中,主要矽卡岩矿物有石榴子石、透辉石、蛇纹石、金云母、绢云母、硅镁石、阳起石、透闪石、绿帘石、绿泥石等.电子探针分析表明,矿区石榴子石主要为钙铁榴石,次为钙铝榴石;辉石以透辉石为主;金云母明显富镁贫铁,且富含挥发分F;闪石类矿物属钙角闪石系列;绿泥石富镁贫铁.推断成矿流体大致经历了5个演化阶段:①干矽卡岩阶段,高温(＞450℃)、低pH值、氧化-弱氧化;②湿矽卡岩阶段,温度降低,pH值和氧逸度逐渐升高;③氧化物阶段,温度进一步降低,pH值升高(碱性),氧逸度则呈降低趋势;④石英硫化物阶段,中等温度(200～300℃),高pH值(碱性),低氧逸度;⑤碳酸盐阶段,低温(160～203℃),低pH值,低氧逸度.此外,矿区还存在多金属矿化的可能.     

北秦岭板山坪岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石成因研究

板山坪岩体是北秦岭二郎坪群中的侵入岩。为了查明该岩体的成因,对该岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石原位Hf同位素研究以及矿物化学分析等方面的研究。研究结果表明,板山坪岩体岩性组成主要为石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,花岗闪长岩内部存在暗色包体。本次研究获得板山坪石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为442.7～432.2 Ma,花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为436.8～432.7 Ma,暗色包体锆石U-Pb年龄为437.6 Ma。锆石176Hf/177Hf值为0.282 737～0.282 736,εHf（t）值集中分布在8.4～9.4之间,二阶段Hf模式年龄（TDM2）在876～832 Ma之间。石英闪长岩结晶温压分别为673 ℃～745 ℃和0.19～0.54 GPa,花岗闪长岩结晶温压分别为657 ℃～730 ℃和0.48～0.96 GPa,暗色包体结晶温压分别为680 ℃～734 ℃和0.69～1.65 GPa。综合分析认为板山坪岩体为复式岩体,两期结晶年龄分别为496～487 Ma和442～432 Ma。岩石来源于地幔分离出来的新生下地壳。     

基于GIS的矿体形态三维可视化定位研究——以喇嘛苏外围中段隐伏铜矿体为例

隐伏矿体的勘查一直是当下矿产勘查的热点,尤其是对矿体形态复杂的金属矿进行定位、定量、定概率研究。喇嘛苏外围隐伏铜矿体产于华力西早—中期斜长花岗斑岩与中元古界蓟县系库松木契克群下亚群泥化微晶灰岩的接触带部位,属于典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床,矿体形态复杂多变,给矿山企业的资源量估算带来很大不确定性。采用"桌面GIS+移动GIS数据集成+数据处理"的方法,克服了传统勘查方法单一与延时的缺点,解决地学测量数据"离散化"的状态,将研究区地质—物探—化探—遥感数据与图件集成,对综合异常区进行快速的圈定;建立集成研究区多源信息矢量化空间数据库,利用医学上的Marching Cubes方法,对侵入体与赋矿层进行三维可视化模拟,结合钻孔见矿位置佐证矿体形态展布变化以及预测东南向隐伏矿体,为矿山企业降低勘探采矿风险、缩短勘查周期提供数据支持。     

Small-scale heterogeneities below the Gräfenberg array, Germany from seismic wavefield fluctuations of Hindu Kush events

Small-scale elastic heterogeneities (<5  km) are found in the upper lithosphere underneath the Gräfenberg array, southeast Germany. The results are based on the analysis of broadband recordings of 17 intermediate-depth (201–272  km) events from the Hindu Kush region. The wavefront of the first P arrival and the following 40  s coda are separated into coherent and incoherent (scattered) parts in the frequency range from 0.05 to 5  Hz. The frequency-dependent intensities of the mean and fluctuation wavefields are used to describe the scattering characteristics of the lithosphere underneath the receivers. It is possible to discriminate a weak-fluctuation regime of the wavefield in the frequency range below approximately 1.5–2.5  Hz and a strong-fluctuation regime starting at 2.0–2.5  Hz and continuing to higher frequencies. In order to explain the observed wavefield fluctuations, an approach with seismic scattering at random media-type structures is proposed. The preferred model contains heterogeneities with 3–7 per cent perturbations in seismic velocity and correlation lengths of 0.6–4.8  km in the crust. This is compatible with models from active seismic experiments. Scattering in the lithospheric mantle is not required, but cannot be excluded at weak velocity contrasts (<3 per cent).     

Migration of Depocenters and Accumulation Centers and its Indication of Subsidence Centers in the Mesozoic Ordos Basin

Based on the integrated study of structure attributions and characteristics of the original basin in combination with lithology and lithofacies, sedimentary provenance analysis and thickness distribution of the Mesozoic Ordos Basin, it is demonstrated that the depocenters migrated counterclockwise from southeast to the north and then to the southwest from the Middle-Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. There were no unified and larger-scale accumulation centers except several small isolated accumulation centers before the Early Cretaceous. The reasons why belts of relatively thick strata were well developed in the western basin in several stages are that this area is near the west boundary of the original Ordos Basin, there was abundant sediment supply and the hydrodynamic effect was strong. Therefore, they stand for local accumulation centers. Until the Early Cretaceous, depocenters, accumulation centers and subsidence centers were superposed as an entity in the southwest part of the Ordos Basin. Up to the end of the Middle Jurassic, there still appeared a paleogeographic and paleostructural higher-in-west and lower-in-east framework in the residual basin to the west of the Yellow River. The depocenters of the Ordos Basin from the Middle–Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic were superposed consistently. The relatively high thermal maturation of Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata in the depocenters and their neighborhood suggest active deep effects in these areas. Generally, superposition of depocenters in several periods and their consistency with high thermal evolution areas reveal the control of subsidence processes. Therefore, depocenters may represent the positions of the subsidence centers. The subsidence centers (or depocenters) are located in the south of the large-scale cratonic Ordos Basin. This is associated with flexural subsidence of the foreland, resulting from the strong convergence and orogenic activity contemporaneous with the Qinling orogeny.     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷油气超晚期成藏与油气运移滞后效应

油气运移滞后效应是指油气从烃源岩中生成并排出的时间早,而聚集成藏的时间晚,油气经历了长时间长距离运移,已聚集成藏的油气相态与成熟度低于现今烃源岩成熟演化的现象.这种油气运移滞后效应在东部新生代陆相断陷盆地中普遍存在,在斜坡带表现最为明显.通过利用地球化学分析,平衡剖面技术、盆地模拟、包裹体分析等手段,对渤海海域莱州湾凹...