南秦岭东部新元古代埃达克质岩的发现及其地质意义

秦岭造山带是一条复合型大陆碰撞造山带,存在若干新元古代构造岩浆事件的遗迹,它们对深化认识南北秦岭汇聚-碰撞过程和Rodinia超大陆聚合具有重要意义。本文对南秦岭东部豆腐尖岩体英云闪长岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学研究。代表性样品的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为860.7±6.0Ma,表明其形成时代为新元古代。岩石地球化学特征表现为高SiO₂(62.41%～68.89%)、高Al₂O₃(15.33%～17.33%),富Na₂O(4.23%～5.80%)和高Na₂O/K₂O比值(1.11～2.41),富Sr(>400×10^-6),低MgO(0.55%～2.08%),低Y(7.40×10^-6～18.20×10^-6)、Yb(0.63×10^-6～1.62×10^-6),...     

Topographic zonation of infiltration in the hilly loess region,north china

Field infiltration tests using portable rainfall infiltrometers were conducted in the Wangjiagou experimental basin in the hilly loess region of north China. Based on data collected at 27 sites, a topographic zonation of infiltration characteristics was observed. The average steady infiltration rate and the average ponding time decreased from the hilltop to the hillslope and further decreased to the gully wall. Such a zonation is closely related to the variations of topography, soil and land use conditions in the study area. A general infiltration model is proposed. Collected field data are used to establish the applicability of the proposed model in the study area.     

越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物

报道了越南沿海的双壳纲软体动物 32 0种 ,隶属 3亚纲、6目、2 6总科、4 1科、1 4 8属。从种类的组成中 ,帘蛤科有 5 7种 ,蚶科 32种 ,樱蛤科 2 9种 ,贻贝科 2 5种 ,鸟蛤科 1 6种 ,牡蛎科 1 4种 ,蛤蜊科 1 3种 ,珍珠贝科和扇贝科各 1 2种 ,紫云蛤科 1 1种 ,竹蛏科 1 0种 ,其他各科的种类均在 7种以内。按种的性质而论 ,越南沿海主要是由热带种和亚热带种类组成 ,还有与珊瑚礁紧密联系的热带种。就越南沿海双壳纲软体动物分类区系而论 ,应属印度—西太平洋区的印尼—马来亚区。     

NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION FOR SEVERAL GENERATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS

Three varieties of goldfish, the Red-dragon, the Red-carassius and the Eggfish, were used to demonstrate the influence of nucleus and cytoplasm on the phenotypic expression and their mutual interaction after nuclear transplantation. Fishes from these combinations could not only develop normally but also reach sexual maturity.The characteristics of fishes after first transplantation (N_1) were fundamentally of the nuclear donor variety e. g. the combination of nucleus of Red-dragon with cytoplasm of Redcarassius was very much similar to Red-dragon. The male fish of N_1 mated with female Red-dragon gave offsprings with characters fundamentally like the Reddragon too.If these blastulae were used as nuclear donor and transplanted their nuclei into Red-carassius cytoplasm again, we got the N_2. There were more single tailed fishes in this category with the character of the Red-earassius. When the male fish of N_2 mated with the Reddragon, more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in their offsprings. This indicated that the changed characteristics in N_2 was inheritable.If proceeded in this manner again and again, more and more single tailed and atypical single tailed fishes appeared in N_3 and N_4 and their offsprings when mated with Red-dragon. The effect of cytoplasm changed not only the phenotypic characters of the combination, but also the genetic information to next generation. Those influence was additive too.     

气象服务产业化、商品化趋势及其对策

20世纪50年代以来,大气科学的发展和新科技在气象实践中的运用,不同程度地提高着气象成果的多样性、专业性、应用性和有效性,从而创造了气象成果产业化、商品化的物质技术条件;社会生产和居民生活对气象成果更为多样的、专一的需要,形成了气象成果产业化、商品化的市场条件。我国气象服务有偿化的发展已成为趋势;但从社会需求与气象服务自身现状考察,认真转变观念、积极调整结构、大力拓展市场、深化基础研究乃是加速气象成果产业化、商品化趋势的基本对策。     

On the transplantation and cultivation ofKappaphycus alvarezii in China

A 2-year study onKappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty introduced to Hainan Island from the Philippines in 1985 showed promising results. The average daily growth in weight reached 10% at a favourable temperature of about 26°C. Experimental results showed that timely cutting of the plant was an effective way to obtain new cuttings for cultivation and accelerate growth. New cuttings 0.05 kg in weight are suggested to be used as “seeds” and the old plant should be harvested. At present, artificial cultivation with a type of underwater raft applicable in places where there is strong wind will expand cultivation to more regions in Hainan Province. This paper was originally published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 19(5): 410–418, 1988. The plant under discussion wasEucheuma alvarezii Doty which was previously calledE. striatum in the article, and which now becomesKappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty. To the original title, “in China” was added. Only the essence of the original article was presented.     

Thresholds of geographic environmental elements in sediment yield of drainage basins

Threshold of environmental elements in drainage basin sediment yield refers to, under effect of climate, underlying surface and human activity, a turning point of abrupt changes in drainage sediment yield related to environmental element characteristics. Previous studies on threshold of sediment yield of relevant drainage basins were mainly concentrated on impact of natural zones with a few researches on impact of other environmental elements. Particularly studies on compound environmental element threshold in drainage basin sediment yield remain blank today. Studies indicate that sediment yield in drainage basins is affected by compound interactions and complex actions. Based on single element analysis, the present paper gives quantitatively compound threshold of environmental elements affecting sediment yield of the drainage basin between Hekouzhen and Tongguan in the middle Yellow River by the method of multi-variant, polynomial formula regression analysis.     

青藏高原东部暴雨强降水的特征

该文简要地介绍了贵州省气候中心近期主持完成的一项关于青藏高原东部暴雨强降水成因及特征的研究成果。这一成果使用多种方法综合研究了青藏高原东部暴雨的标准、暴雨的水汽通道、暴雨的天气气候特征、暴雨的小范围、短历时特征、暴雨的高效率特征、夜雨特征、暴雨强降水的巨大地形差异、青藏高原特有的雪暴强降水特征、暴雨面雨量的计算、最大可能降水量的估算、暴雨过程的地面径流特征、青藏高原东部的水平衡特征等课题,填补了青藏高原暴雨研究的空白。     

大连地区辐射雾与平流雾边界层温度场及风场对比

选取2008年3月和6月出现在大连及其沿海地区的辐射雾和平流雾过程,采用GTS1型数字式探空仪探测资料、能见度仪自动观测资料和常规观测资料,对其边界层温度场及风场结构特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种性质不同的大雾(辐射雾和平流雾)具有共同特征:都产生于纬向环流背景,中层东南暖湿气流为大雾的形成提供了充沛的水汽和热力条件。但两者存在明显的差异:底层东北风平流降温是辐射雾生成的重要条件,却造成了平流雾的消亡,底层东南风是平流雾生成的条件,却对应于辐射雾的消亡;辐射雾逆温厚而强,平流雾则为弱的逆温或无逆温;辐射雾生消演变对应于大气层结由稳定发展为不稳定,平流雾则对应于由不稳定趋于稳定。