Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients in Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Pacific in 2017

This research investigated eight stations in Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone(CCFZ) in the eastern tropical Pacific in 2017 to study the spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration,and compared nutrient concentrations and molar ratios with those of other investigations 20 years ago in the same area. The study found that dissolved inorganic nutrient(N, P and Si) concentrations were lowest in the upper layer, and increased from surface to some depths, t...     

XX核电厂附近海域生态环境及潜在致灾生物研究

为了了解XX核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了四个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻,其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母和薮枝螅水母。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹、长吻沙蚕和丝异须虫。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁XX核电厂冷源安全的潜在致灾生物。海地瓜、棘刺锚参、海葵和球型侧腕水母的风险等级较高,其分布主要受温度和盐度的影响。后续工作中,XX核电厂应根据潜在致灾生物与环境因子的关系加强暴发机制研究、提升监测预警能力,并优化驱赶消杀技术和干扰体系,为核电厂冷源安全提供理论和技术保障。     

海洋透光率仪的设计及其在初级生产力研究中的应用*

海洋浮游植物光合作用固碳在全球碳循环中扮演着极为重要的角色, 获取不同光衰减对应的海水深度, 对于采集水样用于海洋初级生产力的研究具有重要意义。本研究于国际上首次开发了无缆便携式海洋透光率仪, 特殊的光学结构设计和光谱滤光技术使得光谱响应在波段400~700nm范围内超过了同类海洋传感器, 特定光衰减下对应的深度误差小于0.5m。将本设备应用于南海中尺度涡旋初级生产力的研究中, 在采样率和自动化方面验证了仪器的便携性; 通过对涡旋中初级生产力的空间分布规律进行分析, 检验了仪器数据结果的可靠性。海洋透光率仪在价格、准确性、可靠度和操作的便携性上具有不可比拟的优势, 将在未来海洋生态环境的研究中发挥重要作用。     

Analysis of rurality concept in the context of tourism北大核心CSCD

乡村性既是乡村宏大叙事的认识论,也是引领乡村发展实践的方法论,旅游要素的注入使得旅游语境下的乡村性具有区别于普通乡村的特性。论文基于传统乡村、快速城市化到城乡融合的乡村发展历程,从乡村区域功能、政治经济学、乡村整体建构等视角回顾了国内外乡村性相关研究。基于“要素构成—基本属性—重要特征”的概念分析逻辑,对旅游语境下的乡村性进行解析,论文提出：旅游语境下的乡村性是旅游影响乡村重构过程中“人—地”关系的地方意义所在,从需求主体角度体现为旅游者对乡村的认知与情感,从乡村发展角度体现为多元主体在特定乡村地域空间情境下持续开展的乡村旅游发展实践的结果表征,具有经济、社会文化、自然及景观等基本属性和空间维度的地域性、时间维度的动态性、价值维度的体验性等主要特征,需置于“我者”与“他者”、城市性与乡村性、现代性与传统性、商业性与真实性的关系中加以理解。论文构建了旅游语境下的乡村性概念分析框架,从研究内容和方法层面对未来研究提出了展望。     

Early development of Silvetia babingtonii (Fucales,Phaeophyceae)

Silvetia babingtonii is a potentially economic brown alga for sources of food and high-value added utilization. So far, sporeling nursery and field cultivation has not been successful. The lack of knowledge on development and life cycle of this alga hinder the development of techniques for the sporeings and cultivation. In this study, internal structure of oogonium and antherium of S. babingtonii was observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and through microscope. Meanwhile, early development from zygotes to juvenile sporelings was studied at 20℃ under 60–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Zygotes germinated and divided into thallus and rhizoid cells. The larger thallus cells further divided and developed into juvenile sporelings; while the smaller rhizoid cells divided and elongated into rhizoid hairs. These findings documented the life cycle of S. babingtonii and provided fundamental knowledge for sporeling nursery in the near future.     

Replacement of Dietary Fish Oil with Vegetable Oils Improves the Growth and Flesh Quality of Large Yellow Croaker （Larmichthys crocea）

We investigated the effect of the replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable oils on the growth and flesh quality of large yellow croaker(Larmichthys crocea). The basal diet(FO) was formulated to contain 66.5% fish meal and 6.4% menhaden fish oil; whereas the other 3 experimental diets were formulated by replacing the fish oil with 50% soybean oil(SO50), 100% soybean oil(SO100) and 100% palm oil(PO100), respectively. The 4 diets were randomly assigned to 4 floating sea cages(3.0 m × 3.0 m × 3.0 m), and each was stocked with 250 fish individuals with an initial average weight of 245.29 g ± 7.45 g. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice a day at 5:00 and 17:00, respectively, for 12 weeks. Experimental analysis showed that the specific growth rate of fish fed SO50 or PO100 were significantly higher than that of fish fed FO or SO100(P0.05), and crude lipid contents of ventral muscle and viscera were significantly lower in fish fed FO than in those fed the other 3 diets(P0.05). No significant differences in condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, gutted yield and colorimetric values of fish among the dietary treatments were observed(P0.05). Compared to FO diet, SO50, SO100 and PO100 diets led to substantial decreases in the liquid loss and water loss from fresh fillets(1 d, 4℃)(P0.05). Similarly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) values of fillets under different storage conditions(1 d, 4℃; 7 d, 4℃; 4 weeks,-20℃; 8 weeks,-20℃) decreased significantly after partial or complete replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils. These findings indicated that the growth performance and selected flesh quality properties(liquid holding capacity and TBARS value) of large yellow croaker were substantially improved by replacing dietary fish oil with vegetable oils.     

Short- and long-term response of phytoplankton to ENSO in Prydz Bay,Antarctica: Evidences from field measurements,remote sensing data and stratigraphic biomarker records

The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni？o/La Ni？a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni？o and La Ni？a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）, particulate organic carbon （POC）, and sea surface temperature （SST） indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms （indicated by Chl-a and POC） preceded the increases in SST during El Ni？o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni？a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid （brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones） biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae （diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes） changed significantly between El Ni？o and La Ni？a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni？o years, while it was reversed during La Ni？a years.     

LNAPL在二维含水介质中运移规律的研究

为研究LNAPL （轻质非水相液体）污染物在均匀含水介质中的运移规律,本文建立微元模型推导出LNAPL在均匀含水介质中的对流--弥散方程。针对不同的介质模型,对二维对流--弥散方程运用差分法进行数值模拟,求其数值解。分析LNAPL污染物的运移特征,得出在均匀介质和非均匀层状介质中运移规律： LNAPL污染物在含水介质中的运移规律遵循对流--弥散方程,介质的弥散系数是影响LNAPL污染物运移的主要因素。     

车载激光扫描数据控制点布设方案研究

该文以提高车载激光扫描数据高程精度为出发点,分析了扫描数据的误差来源。该文提出多种控制点布设方案,以京沪高速部分路段激光扫描数据为例,统计并分析各个控制点布设方案改正结果,为以后车载激光数据外业控制点布设提供参考。     

基于分县尺度的2020-2030年中国未来人口分布简

选取1982年、1990年、2000年和2010年人口普查数据,运用Logistic模型系统预测了2020年和2030年中国分县人口规模,定量分析了未来中国人口分布的基本布局、各地区人口增减变化以及城市群人口集聚度变化。研究认为：①2020-2030年中国未来人口空间分布的总体格局不会发生根本改变,东南半壁人口比例会有所减少,西北半壁人口比例会有所增加,但增减变化在0.1%~0.3%之间;②2010-2020年中国有1641个分县单元人口将仍呈增加趋势,占地规模和相应人口都在全国3/4水平,人口增加仍是主要特征;2020-2030年中国人口增加的分县单元将大幅减少到598个,人口减少地区占地规模和相应人口将占3/5以上,人口减少成为普遍现象。③中国21个城市群地区人口总量将由2010年的7.81亿增加到2020年的8.68亿和2030年的9.17亿,相应的人口集聚度也将由2010年的1.99逐步提高到2020年的2.17和2030年的2.33,城市群地区人口集聚规模和集聚程度在逐步提高,人口集聚态势更加明显。