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111.
D. Majumdar A. Chintada J. Sahu C. V. Chalapati Rao 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(5):995-1006
Information on emissions from restaurant industry is limited in scientific literature. Emission inventory of greenhouse and non-greenhouse air pollutants from restaurant industry was prepared for two Class 1 Indian cities, viz. Nagpur and Raipur for 2010. Emissions were estimated from a primary database on type and amount of cooking fuel combusted in restaurant industry in the selected cities. Liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal, wood, coal, diesel and candy coal are used in this industry, first three being the major ones. Carbon dioxide emission was highest in both cities and liquefied petroleum gas, charcoal and wood were the major contributors to emissions. Total annual emissions of greenhouse gases, viz. carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide were estimated to be 19,251, 27 and 1 Mg year?1 in Nagpur and 21,207, 34 and 1 Mg year?1 in Raipur, whereas total annual emissions of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), carbon monoxide, total suspended particulate (TSP), sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and black carbon (BC) were 96, 959, 31, 12, 19, 3 Mg year?1 and 87, 1141, 78, 37, 28, 6 Mg year?1 in Nagpur and Raipur, respectively, from all the fuels used in restaurant industry. Considering the huge growth of Indian restaurant industry in the last decade and the predicted growth in future, emissions from this industry is assumed to grow and will play a major role in governing regional and national emissions in India. 相似文献
112.
The concept of the equivalent free surface has been extended to determine the seismic horizontal pullout capacity of shallow
vertical strip plate anchors buried in sand. The analysis has been done rigorously by using the method of stress characteristics.
The results have been expressed in the form of non-dimensional charts. The pullout resistance has been found to reduce quite
extensively with increase in the magnitude of horizontal earthquake acceleration. The results were compared with the previously
published data, and it was seen that the computed pullout resistance with the proposed method was found to be lowest.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
113.
A three-dimensional numerical model is described to study theresponse of a coastal ocean excited by a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal. The numericalexperiments have been carried out using the model to understand the dynamics and thermodynamics ofthe ocean due to different cyclonic systems approaching in different directions. In the firstexperiment, the model is used to simulate the vertical thermal structure of the ocean as a response ofpassage of the less intensified 1997 cyclone, which was skirting the east coast of India before crossingthe Bangladesh coast. The simulations are compared with the buoy data available during the storm period.In the next experiment, it is considered an idealized cyclone with hurricane winds movingnormal to the east coast of India crossing between Visakhapatnam and Kakinada to evolve thermalstructure and currents of the ocean. A net decrease of the SST of 6–7 °C is simulated whenthe severe cyclonic storm moved over the coastal ocean. 相似文献
114.
115.
Results of an experimental programme on heterogeneous rock-like specimens of dental plaster confirm the pronounced role of
tensile microcracks on brittle failure. Microbuckling of very small rock-columns formed amid closely located tensile cracks
was observed as the key incident connecting stable phenomenon of tensile cracking to unstable phenomenon of shearing and subsequent
macroscopic failure. Using the classical beam and buckling theories and considering geometry of the problem a new failure
criterion is proposed. As a novel attempt, this new failure criterion relates the compressive strength of rock to three basic
microstructural properties, i.e. degree of crystal interlocking, average Young modulus and average tensile strength of rock
forming minerals. 相似文献
116.
S. M. Ramasamy P. C. Bakliwal K. L. V. Ramana Rao 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1988,16(1):63-71
Synoptivity and the exemplified fracture systems exhibited by the space borne imagery data has helped in solving many of the geological enigma in various parts of the world. The study conducted, using such remotly sensed data, in Jhalawar anticline, part of Proterozoic Cratonic Vindhyan Basin, Rajasthan, India, led to infer the history of tectonic evolution of peribasinal deformation which has been a matter of controversy for a century and more. In Landsat MSS data the Jhalawar region displays a panorama of lineaments and their analysis through azimuthal frequency diagrams, isofracture, lineament incidence and lineament intersection incidence density maps shows that the mean orientation of the lineaments fall in NW-SE and NE-SW and the shape of the various lineament density contours also show NE-SW and NW-SE orientations. In aerial photographs the area exhibits four sets of lineaments in NE-SW, NW-SE, N-S and E-W directions. Amongst these the former two sets are expressed as wide open master fracture systems with prolific vegetation fills along them and the latter two sets are characteristically observed as thin vegetation linears with frequent strike slip faulting along them. The further analysis of these fracture/lineament systems derived from multi-level remote sensing data shows that the Jhalawar anticline, which followed the pattern of flexural slip fold mechanism, was evolved by horizontally disposed σ1 (greatest principal stress) and 3σ (least principal stress) with the former oriented in NE-SW and the latter aligned in NW-SE directions with vertically disposed 2σ. The inference of such palaeostress environment of the Jhalawar region lead in the identification of a buried rigid basement high southwest of Jhalawar anticline, beneath the Deccan pile and loci of ground water, silica sand and probable igneous plug. 相似文献
117.
This study assesses the origin and pollution of trace metals in surface soils in a region with contrasting land uses (urban
vs. rural). Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that Cr and Ni are predominantly of geogenic origin. These two trace
metals are also the only ones with statistically significant correlations with soil particle size and organic matter content.
Copper, Pb and Zn, and possibly Hg, are of anthropogenic origin, but their concentrations rarely reach levels described as
strongly polluted by pollution indexes. The concentrations of these anthropogenic trace metals are statistically not different
in urban and rural areas, except for Pb that is higher in the urban area. This general lack of a difference between the two
land uses indicates that the influence of this small urban area on trace metal concentrations in soils is minor. Lead and
Zn have the most, but still a modest number, of strongly polluted sites, mainly in an industrial part of the city. GIS analysis
shows that, based on the pollution load index (PLI), overall concentrations of trace metals also reach their highest levels
in that industrial area. These observations indicate that the influence of industry on trace metal pollution in soil exceeds
that of other urban activities in the region. Local background concentrations were found to be very different from general
crustal background concentrations. This demonstrates the importance of the careful selection of a background type in studies
like this. 相似文献
118.
D. Purushotham A. Narsing Rao M. Ravi Prakash Shakeel Ahmed G. Ashok Babu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(6):539-548
Maheshwaram watershed is situated in Ranga Reddy district of at a distance of about 30 km south of Hyderabad. The watershed
has an area of 53 km2 and has hard rock aquifers with semi-arid climate. The study area has been expanding at a fast pace and now has the distinction
of being one of the fastest growing urban centers, facing the problem of groundwater depletion and quality deterioration due
to the absence of perennial source of surface water and also due to over exploitation. Human activities involving industrial
and agricultural development and the inadequate management of land and water resources have, directly or indirectly resulted
in the degradation of environment viz. water and soil. 相似文献
119.
A steady state model of the Somali current including forcing by both the curl and the divergence of the wind stress is discussed.
The model equations are linear, but the results presented are for the one nonlinear case. The grid resolution was 12 km in
the zonal and 24 km in the meridional direction. The streamfunction and velocity potential of the current are presented for
forcing by divergence and compared with a situation when only the curl is present. The results indicate that a two-gyre system
appears in July, a representative month for the summer monsoon, only when divergence is included. Computations with available
data indicate that the divergence is comparable in magnitude to the curl near the location of the Somali current. The model
produces three other important features: (i) strong upwelling off the east coast of Africa, (ii) downwelling over central
Arabian sea and (iii) a strong eastward current in the upper layer towards the interior of the Arabian sea near 12°N. 相似文献
120.
FT-IR spectra of sillimanite samples from high grade regionally metamorphosed rocks belonging to the granulite terrain (amphibolite to pyroxene granulite facies) deciphers prominent OH features. Heating experiments indicate growth of prominent band at 3161cm−1. Heating above 1000°C all OH features disappear in intensity into broad features with slight shift of bands towards lower energies. Complete dehydration requires temperatures above 1000°C. Coexistence of boron and OH features are also observed in all sillimanite samples. The high temperature behaviour of sillimanite from the granulite terrain discerns that the hydrous species in sillimanite were incorporated much below 700°C, however, secondary hydration due to pegmatite activity, retrograde metamorphism and migmatisation is not ruled out. Thus a near anhydrous condition were probably not achieved during the granulite facies metamorphism in Eastern ghat granulite terrain. 相似文献