黔南石炭纪生物礁造礁群落的基本特征

黔南紫云猴场扁平村发育有石炭纪全球罕见的大规模典型的后生动物骨架礁,该礁体的主体部分由大型笙状群体四射珊瑚Fomitchevella建造而成,下部发育点礁层,形成了罕见的、独特的石炭纪礁体类型。对该礁体的造礁群落详细研究,尤其是对Fomitchevella造礁群落的研究后发现,造礁群落内生物结构、物理结构决定了群落的整体面貌而造礁群落的营养结构是维持这种面貌持续发展的主要因素,从而这3个方面共同作用来达到复杂的造礁生态体系的平衡。在礁体的整个发展过程中,后生动物造礁群落的存在与发展是至关重要的,它们维持了一个相对复杂的造礁生态体系的平衡发展。群落的整体面貌、生态体系都是由群落内的关键种所决定的,如果将群落内起到核心作用的物种从群落内移走,那么群落的性质,生物的组成和功能都将发生变化。     

The main phosphorous sources in the Changjiang estuary

Analysis using historical data on the phosphate sources in Changjiang （Yangtze River） estuary show that phosphate was supplied equally from the east, south, west and north of the estuary. These sources include the Changjiang River, the Taiwan Warm Current （TWC）, a cyclone-type eddy, and the 32°N Upwelling, supplying different phosphates in different times, ways and intensities. The magnitude of their supplying phosphate concentration was related with the size in the order of the Changjiang River 〈 the TWC 〈 the 32°N Upwelling 〈 the cyclone-type eddy, and the duration of the supplying was： the Changjiang River 〉 the TWC 〉 the cyclone-type eddy 〉 the 32°N Upwelling. The four sources supplied a great deal of phosphate so that the phosphate concentration in the estuary was kept above 0.2 pmol/L in previous years, satisfying the phytoplankton growth. The horizontal and vertical distribution of the phosphate concentration showed that near shallow marine areas at 122°E/31°N, the TWC in low nutrient concentration became an upwelling through sea bottom and brought up nutrients from sea bottom to marine surface. In addition, horizontal distribution of phosphate concentration was consistent with that of algae： Rhizosolenia robusta, Rhizosolenia calcaravis and Skeletonema, which showed that no matter during high water or low water of Changjiang River, these species brought by the TWC became predominant species. Therefore, the authors believe that the TWC flowed from south to north along the coast and played a role in deflecting the Changjiang River flow from the southern side.     

冬季北太平洋西部上层海洋的热量输送

用海气界面净热量收支和1950－1979年表层水温资料，计算了冬季北太平洋西部上层海洋热通量散度场，指出冬季北太平洋西部黑潮将大量低纬暖水输送到中高纬度海域，在30－35°N最大；亲潮将极地冷水沿千岛群岛向南输送，在45－50°N最大；两者在40°N附近相遇，混合减弱后沿纬向东传。同时用EOF分析方法对热通量散度距平场分型，前3个主要型分别为：黑潮亲潮偶合型、北太平洋海流型和冷平流优势型。最后还揭示了第一主要型与北太平洋副热带高压之间有意义的相关关系。     

陕西省精细化预报评分系统

Web日志数据包括：客户端浏览器日志记录、网站服务器访问记录、代理服务器日志记录、用户注册信息等。Web日志挖掘分为：数据预处理、模式发现、模式分析三个阶段。本文意在讨论这三个阶段所遇到的问题和解决办法。     

南海夏季风爆发与热带海洋海温和大气环流异常变化关系的研究

用合成和相关分析方法及SVD技术研究了南海夏季风爆发早、晚年份4～6月季风建立时期季风环流的异常及其与热带太平洋-印度洋海温的关系。结果表明,南海夏季风爆发与热带大气环流和海温变异密切相关。（1）当热带中、东太平洋—印度洋（主要在西南部）及南海海温低（高）,西太平洋—澳洲邻近海域海温高（低）时,南海夏季风爆发早（晚）。不同区域海温对季风的影响有明显的季节差异,印度洋主要为晚春至初夏（4～6月）,南海为5～6月,而热带太平洋从前冬一直持续到夏季。（2）不同的海温异常产生不同的季风环流型,南海夏季风爆发早、晚年大气环流的异常变化基本相反。南海夏季风的活动主要受印度季风环流变化的影响,与前期冬春季西太副高的强弱及位置变化密切相关。西太副高弱时,南海夏季风爆发早;反之,爆发晚。（3）热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常引起季风环流和Walker环流的异常变化可能是影响南海夏季风爆发早、晚的物理过程。     

碘化银地面发生器增雨（雪）作业可行性及作业时机选择

设置于高山迎风坡的碘化银发行器增雨(雪)作业，其关键是上升气流时段的选择，上升气流关系着有效核入云效率。文章分析了碘化银地面发生器增雨(雪)作业的可行性和利用天气图、卫星云图、雷达和物理量计算等方法确定作业时机的可能与技术。     

新疆西昆仑喀拉阿特河一带玛尔坎雀库塞山组的厘定

新疆西昆仑喀拉阿特河一带前人确立的下二叠统(未分)中发现一套火山岩夹碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩沉积建造,与上覆昆盖依套组呈断层接触,与下伏喀拉阿特河组呈平行不整合接触。该套地层在岩石组合、生物面貌、沉积环境、接触关系等方面独立成组,灰岩内采集狭体贝(未定种)Stenoscisma sp.;小戟贝(未定种)Chonetinella sp.;韦勒贝(未定种)Wellerella sp.;扇房贝(未定种)Rhipidomella sp.;股窗贝(未定种)Crurithyris sp.;印度胡斯台贝Hustedia indica(Waagen);胡斯台贝(未定种)Hustedia sp.;扭曲虫Plectogyra sp.;拟犬齿珊瑚Paracania sp.等,时代为早二叠世,故将其从下二叠系(未分)解体出,厘定为玛尔坎雀库塞山组。该套地层单位的确立,为区域填图、建立岩石地层单位,及本区地层划分和区域对比提供了新依据。     

基于无人机遥感的滨海盐碱地土壤空间异质性分析与作物光谱指数响应胁迫诊断

在已集中连片改造为农田的盐碱地上,开展无人机遥感作物土壤空间异质性分析与光谱指数响应胁迫诊断对于提升盐碱地利用效率、创造更多经济效益与生态价值具有重要意义。本研究以山东省东营市黄河三角洲典型滨海盐碱地集中连片旱作农田的主要作物——高粱和玉米为研究对象,利用固定翼无人机获取400 hm²滨海盐碱地多光谱遥感数据,并结合地面195个采样点的3个土层（0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm）的土壤属性数据,对该研究区域内作物生长的土壤环境因子进行空间异质性分析与光谱指数响应胁迫诊断。基于土壤属性数据,利用反距离加权插值法,绘制该研究区域内土壤盐分、pH、有机质、全氮和速效氮共5个指标含量的水平与垂直空间分布图。插值结果显示,5种土壤属性指标存在显著水平和垂直空间异质性。基于随机森林模型,采用递归特征消除法,结合土壤指标对光谱指数的重要性值,探讨影响作物生长的主要土壤环境胁迫因子。结果表明,5种土壤属性因子均会对玉米和高粱生长造成影响,但主要胁迫因子分别为土壤速效氮含量（10~20 cm）和3个土层的盐分含量。本研究为大面积农情胁迫监测提供了一项有效的地面与航空协同监测方案,为盐碱地旱作农田管理与决策提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气成藏特征分析

松南气田位于松辽盆地南部长岭断陷中央隆起带达尔罕断凸带腰英台深层构造高部位.通过分析解剖烃源岩、输导等,认为松南气田登娄库—泉头组天然气藏具有双向供烃的特征;达尔罕断裂是控制气藏规模的主断裂,它的开启与封闭直接决定天然气藏的形成保存及破坏散失.在典型气藏解剖的基础上,综合油气成藏条件,总结了成藏规律：多期生烃,北、西次凹供烃、近距离运移,长期运移指向、聚集,深层储盖组合匹配.     

Long-term variabilities of thermodynamic structure of the East China Sea Cold Eddy in summer

Based on more than 30 years observed sectional temperature data since the 1960s, and compared with multi-year wind and Changjiang (Yangtze) River discharge data, spatial-temporal variations of the East China Sea Cold Eddy (ECSCE) in summer was analyzed in relationship to ocean circulation and local atmospheric circulation. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analyseswere applied to this study. The results show that: l) The ECSCE in summer possesses significant interannual variabilities, which are directly associated with oceanic and atmospheric circulation anomaly. Main fluctuations demonstrate their falling in basically with E1 Nino events (interannual) and interdecadal variability. 2) The ECSCE in summer is closely related to the variation of the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and the Changjiang River discharge. The stronger the YSWC, the more intensive the ECSCE with its center shifting westward,and vice versa. However, a negative correlation between the Changjiang River discharge and the ECSCE strength is shown. The ECSCE was strengthened after the abrupt global climate change affected by the interdecadal variation of the YSWC. 3) SVD analysis suggested a high correlation between the variation of the ECSCE in summer and the anomalous cyclonic atmospheric circulation over the ECS. Intensification of the cyclonic wind strengthens the ECSCE, and vice versa. 4) The cyclonic atmospheric circulation has dominant influence on the interannual variation of the ECSCE, and the influence of the ocean circulation takes the second in. The ECSCE was usually stronger in E1 Nifio years affected by strong cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere. The variation in strength of the ECSCE resulted from the joint effect of both oceanic and atmospheric circulation.