日本地震与火灾

介绍了日本地震与火灾的关系,分析了地震火灾的因素和原因,以及防止地震火灾的对策。     

Oxidative stress in the mussel Mytella guyanensis from polluted mangroves on Santa Catarina Island,Brazil

Digestive glands of the mangrove mussel Mytella guyanensis, collected at one non-polluted site (site 1) and two polluted sites (sites 2 and 3), were analysed for different antioxidant defenses, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine levels were enhanced at the polluted sites. With the exception of superoxide dismutase, the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were also higher at the polluted sites. Greater increases were observed in glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and etoxyresorufine-O-deethylase activities at the polluted sites. Conversely, reduced glutathione content was higher at the control site. Trace metal contents in mussels collected at polluted sites were increased compared to the control site, and there were strong positive correlations between TBARS and Cu and Pb contents. M. guyanensis is routinely exposed to an oxidative stress condition at both polluted sites, and considering xenobiotic bioaccumulation in bivalve molluscs, the mangrove mussel represents an excellent bioindicator for environmental monitoring studies.     

利用地下空间的临时避难设施

一、前言日本是世界上屈指可数的多灾国家。因此,以灾害对策基本法为中心采取了多方面的防御措施。其中地震灾害因其突发性、广泛性和日本城市构造的脆弱性,导致综合性灾害的可能性很高。所以近年来,以现有市区为中心,不仅采取了大范围防火措施和配备避难场地、避难道路等设施方面的措施,而且还正在推行政府与民众相结合的防御措施,如加强并     

日本的地震工程学

一、日本地震工程学所处的条件日本和美国在世界地震工程学中并列领先地位,这已为国际上广泛承认。在每四年召开一次的国际地震工程学会议(WCEE;第一届是1956年)上,日美两国发表的论文数量各占30%,其他国家占其余的40%,这种趋势持续至今,表明了日美领先的情况。负责组织和主持该会议的国际地震工程学会(IAEE)事务局自成立以来就设在日本,这也表明了日本在这一领域中的地位。至于日本为什么会在世界地震工程学界发挥领导作用,其理由可列举如下。