内蒙古包头市区大青山山前断裂地震活动断层初步研究

通过多年来野外考察及断层活动事件年代测定,现已初步查明,包头市区座落在大青山山前断裂西段全新世地震活动断层上。该地震活动断层展布于山前Ⅱ级或Ⅰ级台地前缘,由一系列地震断层、地震陡坎、地震崩积楔、地震充填楔、地裂缝及沙土液化等地震形变遗迹组成,构成规模较大、连续性好的地震地表破裂带。地震断层呈直线型或宽缓弧形斜列延伸,错断全新统及最新地貌面,为一系列断面向南倾斜的正断层及阶状正断层,断层面平整,具垂直擦痕,断层带往往为砂砾、角砾或沙土充填,显示为主要在张应力作用下断层经历5次活动、正倾滑运动而形成。最新一次活动事件为公元849年地震。根据对全新世地震活动断层的活动特征、活动期次的划分及强震复发间隔的初步研究,以及历史和现今地震活动规律的研究,包头市区地震危险性应该引起相当的关注。     

基于三眼峪特大泥石流降水特征的灾后重建工程设防标准的讨论

舟曲“8．8”特大山洪泥石流灾害损失惨重,举世瞩目,灾难发生后泥石流隐患依然存在,灾后重建中面临的第一个难题便是灾后重建工程设防标准的确定问题。通过分析激发“8．8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害降水的时间与空间分布特征,认为本次降水具有强度大、历史短,局地性强的特征。基于此,建议灾后重建工程的泥石流综合治理工程设计中应充分根据本次降水的特征,考虑最不利的极端条件下即按此次降水雨强涵盖整个三眼峪流域范围所产生的最大流量。     

基于FLAC^3D的三眼峪小流域危险性分析

通过对甘肃省舟曲县城三眼峪特大泥石流灾害的现场调查,采用有限差分FLAC^3D方法对该流域重力条件下侵蚀机理进行了探索,对流域应力场、位移场以及塑性区进行了数值模拟,对流域天然状态下危险性进行分析。结果表明,流域位移主要以压缩变形为主,最大位移主要出现在沟道两侧梁峁顶处的松散碎石土层内,局部区域已经破坏,且表现为竖向位移最大;由于碎石土、灰岩分界面的存在,使其附近区域的最大主应力方向较其他区域变化大而且迅速;流域内以剪切、张拉并存的破坏的塑性屈服模式为主,沟道两侧的表层碎石土层梁峁顶和梁峁坡上部同时处于张拉塑性屈服区和剪切塑性屈服区,破坏程度较为严重。建模方法和模拟结果可为泥石流预测提供科学依据。     

西藏那曲地区流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄 和地球化学特征

对西藏那曲地区的中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组流纹岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,得出该流纹岩的时代为116.6Ma±0.81Ma,属早白垩世,与区域上多尼组和则弄群的时代一致,属同一地质事件的产物,说明该火山岩不属拉贡塘组,应不整合于拉贡塘组之上。流纹岩SiO2含量均值为71.01%,富集Rb、 Th元素,亏损P、Eu、Ti元素,εHf(t)值集中在-0.030～2.277之间,平均值为0.75,对应的两阶段模式年龄为682～782Ma和1015～1175Ma,大于流纹岩的形成时代。流纹岩具同碰撞型火山岩的特征,不具传统岛弧环境的特征,构造环境可能存在两种可能:班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲已经结束,进入陆-陆碰撞阶段,羌塘地块和拉萨地块开始碰撞;班公湖-怒江洋还未完全关闭,残留洋与拉萨地块发生碰撞。在碰撞的过程中,下地壳不断加厚并发生部分熔融形成酸性流纹岩。     

2008年黄海浒苔绿潮ISSR标记溯源分析

利用简单序列重复区间扩增多态性标记(ISSR),对2008年绿潮暴发期间我国黄海近海漂浮浒苔样品,以及青岛、大丰和温州等地对虾养殖池塘的浒苔样品进行种群间亲缘关系分析.结果表明青岛海域的漂浮绿潮浒苔与南黄海海域的漂浮绿潮浒苔遗传相似度达到0.95,应属于同一个种;此外沿海养殖池塘间尽管存在地理间隔,ISSR标记分析表明...     

Effects of Organic Enrichment on Sandy Beach Meiofauna:A Laboratory Microcosm Experiment

Meiofauna samples from intertidal sediments of Qingdao No.2 Bathing Beach, China, were collected for field study, and subjected to organic enrichment in a laboratory microcosm experiment for 21 d. There were three different treatments including non-organic addition as the control, low-organic enrichment (2 g DW green algae per 150 mL) and high-organic enrichment (10 g DW green algae per 150 mL). After 21 d, the meiofauna richness decreased in both organic enrichment treatments. Among the three treatments, t...     

Regulation of nitrification in latosolic red soils by organic amendment

The effect of glucose, chicken manure, and filter mud on the ammonium and nitrate concentrations, ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community and bacterial community in latosolic red soils during the incubation of microcosms was investigated. The soil nitrate concentration was significantly lower in the glucose-treated soil than in the filter mud or chicken manure-treated soil from days 2 and 5 to 21 of incubation. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community composition, measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, was different among the treatments 9 days after incubation, suggesting that the control soil without external fertilization had a low 283-bp (Nitrosospira) fragment relative abundance (27 %) compared with the glucose-treated (62 %), filter mud (73 %) and chicken manure (78 %) samples. Additionally, 491-bp fragments (Nitrosomonas) were detected in all the soil treatments except for the control soil, and 48-bp fragments (from different Nitrosomonas) were detected in the chicken manure-treated soil. The bacterial community structure was markedly changed in the glucose-treated soil on day 9 and in the filter mud-treated soil on day 31, indicating that the effect of filter mud on the bacterial community is delayed compared to the effect of glucose. The chicken manure-treated soil showed less change, similar to that of the control soil. Glucose fertilization greatly increased the soil bacterial abundance and functional diversity; however, the chicken manure and filter mud did not stimulate soil bacterial activity on day 9. These results indicated that nitrification may have been somewhat suppressed in the glucose-treated soils, which was possibly related to the improving ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community, bacterial community and activity via the available carbon application. The filter manure and chicken manure treatments demonstrated fewer effects. These results suggest that organic carbon quality, e.g., increasing the available carbon, regulates the nitrification process and is beneficial to reducing soil nitrogen losses.     

基于空间句法的古镇空间形态研究 ——以湖南浦市为例

本文基于空间句法理论,以湖南浦市古镇为研究对象,采用轴线分析法对2020年整体镇区的空间形态与明清古镇进行对比研究.通过整合度、选择度以及可理解度等变量数据的定量分析,评估古镇空间发展过程中存在的问题.结果表明:现状镇区与明清古镇整合度核心不重合,新中心的转移造成传统特色商业的没落;选择度高的道路与主要游览路线及历史遗迹的分布不一致,从而降低游客游览的积极性;新功能区与古镇区域之间形态差异较大,造成空间认同感降低.本研究成果可为浦市古镇保护与开发提供理论参考.     

节奏分析视域下的漂流旅游体验研究——以广东省清远市为例

基于列斐伏尔的节奏分析理论,构建具身节奏的旅游研究框架,以广东省清远市的漂流旅游者为样本,采用定性方法探究了其身体作为“节奏反映器”在日常世界、旅游世界以及两者间转换的节奏状态,并重点分析了旅游情境中个体的具身节奏周期及其影响因素。结果发现：1）漂流者的旅游动因主要是社会节奏与自然节奏的失衡。2）进入漂流旅游情境的个体通过身体来感知多重节奏并在与其互动中形成自我的具身节奏,且该具身节奏具有周期性,分为适应期、沉浸期、痛苦期、留恋期;此外,影响漂流旅游者具身节奏体验的因素包括景区自然环境要素、景区人工环境要素、旅游者机能要素、旅游社区要素。3）旅游情境的具身节奏与日常世界的日常节奏具有互构动力,漂流旅游活动通过营造异质空间镜像,让个体在旅游活动中克服焦虑、担忧等与工作生活节奏失衡中相似的负面情绪,进而实现自身活动内外的节奏平衡与自我认知的重塑、提升。