Derelict fishing gear in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal in 1999 confirm threat to coral reef ecosystems

Marine debris threatens Northwestern Hawaiian Islands' (NWHI) coral reef ecosystems. Debris, a contaminant, entangles and kills endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi), coral, and other wildlife. We describe a novel multi-agency effort using divers to systematically survey and remove derelict fishing gear from two NWHI in 1999. 14 t of derelict fishing gear were removed and debris distribution, density, type and fouling level documented at Lisianski Island and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Reef debris density ranged from 3.4 to 62.2 items/km². Trawl netting was the most frequent debris type encountered (88%) and represented the greatest debris component recovered by weight (35%), followed by monofilament gillnet (34%), and maritime line (23%). Most debris recovered, 72%, had light or no fouling, suggesting debris may have short oceanic circulation histories. Our study demonstrates that derelict fishing gear poses a persistent threat to the coral reef ecosystems of the Hawaiian Archipelago.     

Occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Liverpool Bay, Irish Sea

Surface seawater samples were collected in the Irish Sea and Liverpool Bay area from the R.V. Prince Madog during the period of 25-31 of March 2006. VOCs were purged with nitrogen, pre-concentrated on a SPME fibre and analysed immediately on a GC-MS. Target compounds quantified were halogenated (0.2-1400 ng L(-1)), BTEXs and mono-aromatics (1.5-2900 ng L(-1)), aliphatic hydrocarbons and others (0.6-15,800 ng L(-1)). Day and night sampling was performed at a single station and suggested that factors such as sunlight and tide affect the presence of many of these compounds. Sample variability was high due to the variable weather conditions at the station. Poor correlations were found between marine phytopigments and selected VOCs. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that chlorinated compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene and carbon tetrachloride, predominantly from anthropogenic sources, originated from the River Mersey. Other brominated and iodinated compounds quantified were more likely to be from biogenic sources including novel marine compounds such as 2-chloropropane, 1-bromoethane and 1-chlorobutane.     

新墨西哥州林肯县诺加尔矿区与碱性岩有关的成矿作用

已知沿落基山最东边缘的碱性岩内赋存许多种矿床，包括大型金矿床（〉１，０００，０００盎司）。新墨西哥州林肯县有１１个这样的碱性岩中心，其中最大的碱性岩中心赋存诺加尔矿区的各种矿床。该矿区位于新墨西哥中－南部谢拉布兰卡山，矿床分４种类型：（１）含Ａｕ矿脉和角砾岩；（２）Ａｇ－Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ矿脉；（３）Ｍｏ－Ｃｕ矿点；（４）砂金矿。矿区岩石以安山岩流和塑流角砾岩占优势，有３个浅成碱性岩株侵入其中。本文通过对     

海南岛西南几个金矿床成矿流体与稳定同位素地球化学

二甲、抱板、不磨三个金矿床位于海南岛西部，沿北东向戈枕断裂带分布，含金脉体产于中元古代抱板群中，受韧性剪切带控制。其成矿流体是中温（２５０－３５０℃）、低盐度（４ｗｔ％－１０ｗｔ％Ｎａｃｌ）、较富ＣＯ２＋ＣＨ４的流体，氢、氧、硫同位素研究证明主要为变质－混合岩化热液矿床，成矿物质大多来自抱板群矿源层。雅亮伴生金矿位于海南岛南部，沿东西向九所－陵水深断裂分布，同位素研究表明该矿床为一低温（１５０－２