Exposure and time dependent DNA strand breakage in hepatopancreas of green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) exposed to Aroclor 1254, and mixtures of B[a]P and Aroclor 1254

Green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) were exposed to Aroclor 1254 (0.5, 5 and 50 microgl(-1)) and a mixture of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and Aroclor 1254 (0.3+0.5 and 3+5 microgl(-1)) for 12 days. On day 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12, the levels of DNA strand breaks in the mussel hepatopancreas were monitored using an alkaline unwinding assay. The results were compared to the findings of a previous study in which the levels of DNA strand breakage in the same species were measured following exposure to various concentrations of B[a]P (0.3, 3 and 30 microgl(-1)). The results indicated that Aroclor 1254 at a concentration 相似文献   

Management of exogenous threats to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic Islands: balancing risks from TBT and non-indigenous marine organisms

The discovery of high levels of tributyltin compounds in Antarctic marine sediments has prompted managers to consider the banning of such substances in this region. We propose that the banning of antifouling coatings may result in an increase in the risk of non-indigenous species invasions. Our studies show that un-treated vessels carry a more diverse community of fouling organisms than treated hulls on which fouling is restricted to specific untreated niches. Up to 40% of the species recruited to the hulls of Southern Ocean vessels are species with invasive histories. Viable fouling assemblages can survive prolonged voyages to high-latitude coastlines, yet passage through sea-ice may remove fouling communities due to mechanical abrasion reducing the hazard of introductions to ice-bound coastlines. The banning of antifouling compounds may be of particular concern for the ice-free sub-Antarctic islands which represent a common anchorage point for vessels on-route to Antarctica.     

Flood defence in the Blackwater Estuary, Essex, UK: the impact of sedimentological and geochemical changes on salt marsh development in the Tollesbury Managed Realignment site

Recent changes in the UK's coastal defence strategy have resulted in the introduction of Managed Realignment (MR), a technique which attempts to establish salt marshes on low-lying coastal farmland. This work investigates the impact of MR, in particular on the interactions between sediment movement, changes in heavy metal concentrations and salt marsh development. Pre- and post-inundation samples were collected and analysed between 1995 and 1997. Sediment transport patterns (1996) demonstrated that sediment particles were distributed by tides around the site, resulting in a change in the spatial distribution of the metals which was related to the sediment particle size distribution. Despite the presence of some metal contaminants found within the MR site, vegetated salt marsh has developed since 1997. However, heavy metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn exhibited relative depletion in the sediment developing with salt marsh in 1997, which is in agreement with data indicating that concentrations of metals within sediments is related to frequency of tidal inundation. During initial development of the site, sediment transport was the main factor controlling metal distribution, however, subsequently the frequency of tidal inundation became the most significant factor. Further work may allow for prediction of how future MR sites will develop with respect to redistribution of sediments and subsequent transport of contaminants in the dissolved phase.     

海侵对镜质体反射率值的影响

在成熟度研究中,镜质体反射率是应用最广泛的参数。但是,也有越来越多的文章指出,反射率值还受沉积区地热历史以外的其它因素所影响。对反射率这种变化的解释,包括类脂物(细菌、藻类)在镜质体基质中的存在、原始植物组成的差异及沉积微环境的差异。煤和泥炭中     

Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers as Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Hydrodynamic simulations of the merger of stellar mass black hole-neutron star binaries are compared with mergers of binary neutron stars. The simulations are Newtonian but take into account the emission and back-reaction of gravitational waves. The use of a physical nuclear equation of state allows us to include the effects of neutrino emission. For low neutron star-to-black hole mass ratios, the neutron star transfers mass to the black hole during a few cycles of orbital decay and subsequent widening before finally being disrupted, whereas for ratios near unity the neutron star is destroyed during its first approach. A gas mass between approximately 0.3 and approximately 0.7 M middle dot in circle is left in an accretion torus around the black hole and radiates neutrinos at a luminosity of several times 1053 ergs s-1 during an estimated accretion timescale of about 0.1 s. The emitted neutrinos and antineutrinos annihilate into e+/- pairs with efficiencies of 1%-3% and rates of up to approximately 2x1052 ergs s-1, thus depositing an energy Enunu&d1; less, similar1051 ergs above the poles of the black hole in a region that contains less than 10-5 M middle dot in circle of baryonic matter. This could allow for relativistic expansion with Lorentz factors around 100 and is sufficient to explain apparent burst luminosities Lgamma approximately Enunu&d1;&solm0;&parl0;fOmegatgamma&parr0; up to several times 1053 ergs s-1 for burst durations tgamma approximately 0.1-1 s, if the gamma emission is collimated in two moderately focused jets in a fraction fOmega=2deltaOmega&solm0;&parl0;4pi&parr0; approximately 1&solm0;100-(1/10) of the sky.     

峰峰煤田煤的X射线衍射分析

1973年作者在早古生代黑色页岩的研究工作中,开始探索用X射线衍射分析方法对煤及石煤的变质程度进行研究,初步小结了工作方法.近年来,我们在研究峰峰煤田煤的变质特征中,系统采集了峰峰煤田大煤煤层光亮煤样,并进行了X衍射分析测定,现将工作方法及研究的初步看法作一小结.整个工作都是在彭志忠教授的指导下进行的,在此表示感谢.用X射线衍射分析法研究煤及含炭物质,在国外已有几十年的历史,不少学者用此法探索煤的有机化学结构,研究煤在变质过程中有机质化学结构的变化以及确定煤的变质程度等.     

一种用混凝土砌面护板的RSE挡土墙的性能

本文介绍一种装置测量仪表的钢筋网格加固的土堤墙的情况，土墙用预制混凝土护板做砌面。     

从显微煤岩学角度探讨六盘水地区龙潭煤系低煤级煤的生烃 …

从显微煤岩学角度探讨了贵州六盘水地区晚二叠世龙潭煤系煤的生烃状况。研究表明,树皮体和基质镜质体是研究区煤岩显微组成中主要的两种富氢组分,“富质镜体－较富树皮体”是主采煤层典型的煤岩组合特征,在成烃演化过程中,富氢镜质体和树皮体对生烃作出了主要贡献。渗出沥青体充填于镜质体微裂隙或细小孔洞以及丝质体胞腔中,这些微裂隙和胞腔和煤成油的保存,富集和运移起到关键作用。显微组分间的这种配置关系为煤成油藏的形居