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991.
992.
S. Osterman J. Green C. Froning S. B��land E. Burgh K. France S. Penton T. Delker D. Ebbets D. Sahnow J. Bacinski R. Kimble J. Andrews E. Wilkinson J. McPhate O. Siegmund T. Ake A. Aloisi C. Biagetti R. Diaz W. Dixon S. Friedman P. Ghavamian P. Goudfrooij G. Hartig C. Keyes D. Lennon D. Massa S. Niemi C. Oliveira R. Osten C. Proffitt T. Smith D. Soderblom 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,335(1):257-265
The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) was installed in the Hubble Space Telescope in May, 2009 as part of Servicing Mission 4 to provide high sensitivity, medium and low resolution spectroscopy at far- and near-ultraviolet wavelengths (FUV, NUV). COS is the most sensitive FUV/NUV spectrograph flown to date, spanning the wavelength range from 900 Å to 3200 Å with peak effective area approaching 3000 cm2. This paper describes instrument design, the results of the Servicing Mission Orbital Verification (SMOV), and the ongoing performance monitoring program. 相似文献
993.
A fully autonomous data reduction pipeline has been developed for FRODOSpec, an optical fibre‐fed integral field spectrograph currently in use at the Liverpool Telescope. This paper details the process required for the reduction of data taken using an integral field spectrograph and presents an overview of the computational methods implemented to create the pipeline. Analysis of errors and possible future enhancements are also discussed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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995.
H.M. Araújo D.Yu. AkimovE.J. Barnes V.A. BelovA. Bewick A.A. BurenkovV. Chepel A. CurrieL. DeViveiros B. EdwardsC. Ghag A. HollingsworthM. Horn G.E. KalmusA.S. Kobyakin A.G. KovalenkoV.N. Lebedenko A. Lindote M.I. LopesR. Lüscher P. MajewskiA. St. J. Murphy F. Neves S.M. PalingJ. Pinto da Cunha R. PreeceJ.J. Quenby L. ReichhartP.R. Scovell C. SilvaV.N. Solovov N.J.T. SmithP.F. Smith V.N. StekhanovT.J. Sumner C. ThorneR.J. Walker 《Astroparticle Physics》2012,35(8):495-502
We examine electron and nuclear recoil backgrounds from radioactivity in the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment at Boulby. The rate of low-energy electron recoils in the liquid xenon WIMP target is 0.75 ± 0.05 events/kg/day/keV, which represents a 20-fold improvement over the rate observed during the first science run. Energy and spatial distributions agree with those predicted by component-level Monte Carlo simulations propagating the effects of the radiological contamination measured for materials employed in the experiment. Neutron elastic scattering is predicted to yield 3.05 ± 0.5 nuclear recoils with energy 5-50 keV per year, which translates to an expectation of 0.4 events in a 1 yr dataset in anti-coincidence with the veto detector for realistic signal acceptance. Less obvious background sources are discussed, especially in the context of future experiments. These include contamination of scintillation pulses with Cherenkov light from Compton electrons and from β activity internal to photomultipliers, which can increase the size and lower the apparent time constant of the scintillation response. Another challenge is posed by multiple-scatter γ-rays with one or more vertices in regions that yield no ionisation. If the discrimination power achieved in the first run can be replicated, ZEPLIN-III should reach a sensitivity of ∼1 × 10−8pb · yr to the scalar WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section, as originally conceived. 相似文献
996.
Carlo di Lauro Franca Lattanzi Linda R. Brown Keeyoon Sung Jean Vander Auwera Arlan W. Mantz Mary Ann H. Smith 《Planetary and Space Science》2012,60(1):93-101
Building upon previous studies, we re-investigated the ethane spectrum between 1330 and 1610 cm?1 by combining unapodized spectra obtained at room temperature with a Bruker Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) in Brussels and at 131 K with a Bruker FTS in Pasadena. The maximum optical path differences (MOPD) of the two datasets were 450 and 323.7 cm, corresponding to spectral resolutions of 0.0020 and 0.0028 cm?1, respectively. Of the 15,000 lines observed, over 4592 transitions were assigned to the ν6 (at 1379 cm?1), ν8 (at 1472 cm?1), ν4+ν12 (at 1481 cm?1) and 2ν4+ν9 (at 1388 cm?1) bands, and another 1044 transitions were located for the ν4+ν8?ν4 hot band (at 1472 cm?1). Our new analysis included an improved implementation of the Hamiltonian calculation needed to interpret the complex spectral structures caused by numerous interactions affecting these four modes of vibration. From these results, we created the first line-by-line database containing the molecular parameters for over 20,000 12C2H6 transitions at 7 μm. 相似文献
997.
Rae Glacier is a small cirque glacier located in the front ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In 1990 and 1991 field research was completed to describe the physical glaciology of Rae Glacier and to characterize historical glaciological trends at the site. Ablation and surface movement rates were measured using a network of stakes drilled into the glacier and radio-echo sounding was used to describe local ice depths. Rae Glacier has experienced a significant loss in size and mass during the historical period, owing to a lengthy interval of negative mass-balance conditions. The glacier has decreased in surface area by over 50% and now contains less than 24% of the ice it did at the end of the last century. Surface-ice velocity varied between 1.4 and 5.4 m from 1990 to 1991. Rates of ice ablation proved to be highly variable, with steeper areas showing up to 50% more ablation. Combined with data on the emergent flow component of the glacier, the ablation data suggest that the glacier presently is unable to replenish the amount of ice annually being lost to ablation. The glacier has a lag time of 5 to 10 years, which confirms that it is sensitive to climatic fluctuations and responds to changes in mass balance within a very short time. This observation is supported by an estimated response time of 42 years. [Key words: glaciology, Rae Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains.] 相似文献
998.
Shifts in the hydrologic regime of Florida’s Apalachicola River have been attributed to anthropogenic changes throughout its watershed, including local dam construction. To assess impacts of those shifts on floodplain forests, we reconstructed tree growth using dendrochronology and compared these trends with hydrological and climatic variables. Comparisons of stream-gage data before and after dam construction on the Apalachicola River revealed statistically significant mean declines in annual average stage. Mean minimum annual stages, rise rates, and fall rates also decreased, while hydrograph reversals increased. Growth in four tree species correlated strongly with site-specific inundation parameters. A wetter climate in the two decades following dam construction and fine-scale fluctuation of the hydrograph may have set the stage for positive growth releases. Logging and hurricane wind throw events may have also contributed. However, drier conditions in the last two decades are now exacerbated by stage-discharge declines that had been masked previously. Tree growth rates and recruitment have decreased and, in the absence of a major disturbance, the forest canopy is composed of an older cohort of individuals. Our findings highlight how hydrograph variability, climate change, and vegetation disturbance are all relevant for gaging and anticipating the range of impacts of river modification on floodplain forests. 相似文献
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1000.
Peter Milne Scott Milton John L. Smith 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):39-55
ABSTRACT An Australian standard for Spatial Data Transfer modelled on the draft American standard is likely to be introduced in 1993. The spatial data model is not accommodated by existing DBMS such as relational systems. Using this model as an example, the suitability of object–oriented database systems for geographical databases is demonstrated. Some initial performance figures obtained with the ONTOS system on an example database are given. 相似文献