浅覆盖区多源数据融合整合的技术方法

多源数据的整合融合技术是在数字化填图平台上开发的一项新技术。工作方法是：将已有的地质矿产、地球物理、地球化学、遥感等多源数据进行计算机整合处理后,提取相关的地质信息,将多源数据与地质数据整合,建立多源数据库,形成多源叠加分析成果图,应用于浅覆盖区的地质填图。     

辽东湾北部浅海区海洋工程地质特征

通过对浅地层剖面仪、侧扫声纳和海底取样等实测资料的详细分析,揭示了辽东湾北部浅海区的自然地质状况和复杂的海洋工程地质特征。该海区海底地形地貌较为复杂,存在海底冲刷深槽、埋藏古河道、浅层气、潮流沙脊与潮沟、埋藏古陡坡、软弱土层及可能的砂土液化层等潜在灾害地质因素,对海上构筑物存在直接或潜在的危险性,应引起高度重视。     

格尔木河流域地下水生态功能及经济损益阈值解析

在西北内陆河流域,地下水是维系人类生存、生态环境和社会经济发展的重要水源,但这些流域生态环境脆弱。为保护地下水资源和脆弱的生态环境,亟待开展地下水合理开发利用研究。本文在分析格尔木河流域水文地质条件、环境地质问题基础上,采用遥感解译、野外调查和地下水动态监测的方法,界定了地下水的生态功能及阈值,即维系植被生态地下水埋深为0.5~10 m、减轻盐渍化程度的地下水埋深应大于3 m、减轻城市内涝的地下库容应大于3.42×10⁸ m³、维系达布逊湖面积的入湖流量应大于2.82×108 m³·a^-1。基于格尔木河流域生态系统服务价值构成,得到减轻城市内涝及减缓盐渍化程度的环境正效益值分别为8 000×10⁴元·km^-2和163×104 元·km^-2;地下水不合理开发利用导致植被退化、河湖面积萎缩的环境负效益值分别为191元·km^-2和1 032元·km^-2。本文研究成果可为流域内地下水资源开发利用和生态环境保护科学依据,同时也可为西北其他内陆河流域地下水合理开发利用借鉴。     

Quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquakeinduced geohazards on natural landscapes in Jiuzhaigou Valley

Many natural landscapes that lie in high mountain regions are highly susceptible to geological hazards, and their values and integrity are strongly threatened by the hazards. A preliminary framework was proposed to undertake a quantitative assessment of the impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the natural landscapes. Four factors reflecting the aesthetic value, ecological value, integrity of landscapes were selected to assess their vulnerability. The impact of earthquake-induced geological hazards on the landscapes is quantitatively expressed as the product of their vulnerability and resilience. The assessment framework was applied to Jiuzhaigou Valley which was severely struck by the Ms 7.0 earthquake on August 8, 2017. Field survey, satellite image interpretation, high-resolution DEM and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) reconnaissance were used to retrieve the values of the assessment factors. Twenty seven World Heritage Sites in the valley strongly influenced by the earthquakeinduced geohazards were evaluated. The impact values of two sites of them(Sparking Lake and Nuorilang Waterfall) are up to 8.24 and 4.65, respectively, and their natural landscapes were greatly damaged. The assessment results show a good agreement with the actual damages of the heritage sites.     

Rainfall occurrence and its relation to flood damage in China from 2000 to 2015

China is highly susceptible to flood disasters and subjected to great damage every year. Furthermore, the flood frequency has exhibited an increasing trend in recent years. Most flood events, including flash floods and river flood, are induced by rainfall. This study investigates annual variations of rainfall occurrence over China during the period from 2000 to 2015 at the national and regional scale using daily rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The Mann-Kendall test is performed for trend detection, and statistical data of flood damage published by China’s government, including destroyed crop area, damaged buildings, direct economic loss, percentage of GDP (gross domestic product), and death toll are correlatively analysed with rainfall occurrences. The results show that storm rain events show the greatest variation among three rainfall types (moderate rain, heavy rain and storm rain). The variation coefficients of rainfall over Northeast China, North China, and Northwest China are the highest, whereas that for Southwest China is the smallest. Moderate rain, heavy rain over Central China, and moderate rain over Southwest China exhibits decreasing trends, whereas the remaining exhibit increasing trends. The correlation between the rainfall occurrences and these flood damage indices at the national scale shows that only direct economic loss has a strong positive correlation with rainfall occurrences, and the other indices have weaker correlations. The correlation is strong in three north regions, except for death toll in Northwest China. In contrast, the correlation between flood damage and rainfall is weak in East China, Central China, Southwest China, and South China. Overall, death toll is strongly correlated with the number of damaged buildings, implying that flood fatalities in China are likely associated with building collapse, and are dominated by specific extreme events. This study can provide a scientific reference for flood management in China.     

中西医结合治疗肝肾亏虚型膝关节骨性关节炎40例

目的：观察中西医结合治疗肝肾亏虚型膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法：将肝肾亏虚型膝关节骨性关节炎患者80例随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组采用西医常规治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加壮骨通络丸联合中药熏蒸治疗,观察治疗前后膝关节功能（LKSS）评分、中医证候积分及综合疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为85.00%,对照组为60.00%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组LKSS评分、中医证候积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效肯定,优于单纯西医治疗。     

氦白矮星与小质量主序星并合及脉动热亚矮星的形成

sdBVrs型热亚矮星是一类特殊的热亚矮星,观测显示它们同时具有p模和g模的脉动.目前这一类热亚矮星的演化起源仍然缺乏完备的解释.对氦白矮星与小质量主序星并合模型进行详细计算表明,并合模型的结果符合sdBVrs型热亚矮星的表面有效温度、重力加速度等观测特征,并且能够激发出稳定的p模和g模脉动.因此,氦白矮星与小质量主序星并合是形成sdBVrs型热亚矮星可能的渠道之一.     

一种智能水下机器人进行大范围海洋环境监测的方案与实验

采用智能水下机器人进行海洋环境的立体监测具有监测范围广,自主性强的特点。本文在探讨世界各国采用智能水下机器人进行海洋环境监测的情况的基础上,介绍了自主研发的智能水下机器人海洋大范围环境数据的自主采集系统,其主要优点是：相对于其他机器人,可实现“大范围” 海洋环境数据的采集;相对于固定式浮标,可实现海洋环境数据的“自主”采集。并给出了自主采集流程和软件分层递阶体系结构。在真实海域中,采用智能水下机器人,进行了国内首次大范围环境数据采集实航实验。实验结果表明采用智能水下机器人进行海洋环境的立体监测是切实可行的。     

空间数据模型浅析

针对空间数据模型概念认识比较模糊的现状,通过结合目前常见的GIS系统,叙述了空间数据模型的发展,阐述了3种地理信息数据库的逻辑结构,最后分析了地理对象的组织思想.     

热带西太平洋潜流模拟:(Ⅱ)潜流结构与输运及其季节变化

通过分析积分30 a的准全球HYCOM(HYbrid Coordinate Occan Model)模式结果,研究了热带西太平洋潜流结构与输运及其季节变化.在年平均状态下,新几内亚沿岸潜流流核位于约175 m、2.8°S附近,最大流速超过45 cm/s,约110 km宽;棉兰老潜流流核位于离岸处,约400～800 m深度、127.5°～128.5°E范围,最大速度超过3 cm/s.在季节时间尺度上,新几内亚沿岸潜流流核位置比较稳定,海流强度与体积输运表现出夏秋季强、冬春季弱的季节变化特征;棉兰老潜流流核位置、流速强度都具有较大的时空变化特征,棉兰老潜流的体积输运约2.5～11.5Sv,其季节变化规律不够明显,2～7月份,体积输运较弱,8～1月份,体积输运较强.