一种新的ROAM算法及其在地形建模中的应用

地形建模是数字地形分析的重要基础工作。实时优化适应性网格算法（ROAM算法）是目前常用的地形建模方法。但ROAM算法应用于地形可视化实时渲染时要求原始数据为正方形,且渲染后常有裂缝产生,因而该法在地形建模实践中受到较大的限制。针对ROAM算法存在的上述不足,本文提出了基于内接正方形插值方法的改进ROAM算法。通过将多边形分割为一个内接正方形和多个边缘多边形,用多边形的一个顶点依次与其他顶点相连,使边缘多边形分割为多个三角形,并根据边缘三角形面积大小,确定是否对边缘多边形进行继续分割,由此解决数据源限定为正方形的问题,利用添加拆分点的方法消除地形渲染产生的裂缝。采用不规则地形的灰度图作为高程数据源进行地形模拟实验,结果表明：改进后的ROAM算法能够消除裂缝,且对数据源无约束性要求,降低了算法复杂度,提高了整体可视化性能,能够满足地形实时动态显示的要求。     

新元古代“雪球”事件对海水碳、硫同位素组成的影响

在新元古代晚期地球上曾发生过全球性的冰川作用，一些学者称之为“雪球”事件。在新元古代“雪球”事件前后，古海水的C、S同位素组成都出现了非常大的变化，在“雪球”之前海水中的碳酸盐非常富集^13C，在“雪球”期间和紧随其之后贫^13C，然后δ^13C值出现了高达10‰的正漂移；在“雪球”开始之前古海水硫酸盐的δ^34S值呈逐渐降低的变化特征，紧随“雪球”之后古海水硫酸盐的δ^34S值出现了超过20‰的正漂移，达到地质史上的最高值，同期形成的硫化物具有异常高的δ^34S值。“雪球”事件前后古海水C、S同位素组成的大幅度变化，是由“雪球”前后全球环境的剧烈变化引起的。“雪球”前后海水C、S同位素的大幅度变化是与“雪球”有关的特殊环境条件作用的结果，也是“雪球”事件存在的有力证据。     

北部湾东北部表层沉积物主微量元素空间分布特征

A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)c(Al_2O_3)c(Fe_2O_3)c(CaO)c(MgO)c(K_2O)c(Na_2O)c(TiO_2)c(P_2O_5)c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)c(Rb)c(V)c(Zn)c(Cr)c(Pb)c(Ni)c(Cu)c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.     

西太平洋海山年龄及地球化学:地幔过程及岩石成因

Research on seamounts provides some of the best constraints for understanding intraplate volcanism, and samples from seamounts reveal crucial evidence about the geochemical makeup of the oceanic mantle. There are still many seamounts in the West Pacific Seamount Province(WPSP) that have not been studied, meaning their ages and geochemistry remain unknown. A better understanding of these seamount trails and their evolutionary history, investigated with age and geochemistry data, will enable better understanding of the geological processes operating underneath the Pacific Ocean Plate. Here, new ~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar ages and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for seven basalt rocks from four seamounts in the WPSP are provided. Chemically, these rocks are all Oceanic Island Alkali basalt(OIA type); analysis of olivine phenocrysts shows that the magmas experienced strong olivine fractionation and changed from olivine + plagioclase to olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene cotectic during their evolution. Rare earth element(REE) patterns and a spider diagram of the samples in this study show OIB(Ocean Island Basalt) like behavior. The range of ~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr values is from 0.704 60 to 0.706 24, the range of ~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb values is from 18.241 to 18.599, and the range of ~(143)Nd/~(144) Nd values is from 0.512 646 to 0.512 826; together, these values indicate magma sources ranging from EMI to EMII. Finally, new ~(40)Ar/~(39) Ar age data show that these seamounts formed at ～97 and ～106 Ma, indicating that some may have undergone the same formation processes as seamounts in the eastern part of the Magellan Seamount Trail, but other seamounts likely have different origins.     

海上志愿者及其相关法律问题

为加强我国海洋管理尤其是海上突发事故应急处理,实现海上志愿服务的健康可持续发展,文章论述海上志愿者及其相关法律问题。研究结果表明:海上志愿者具有自愿性、无偿性和公益性,其身份可认定为非营利性组织中的个体或行政辅助人;我国海上志愿者的具体实践主要是海上搜救志愿者,在发挥重要作用的同时也存在组织管理等方面的问题,亟须以法律制度的形式,从完善国家海洋管理体制机制出发加以解决;对于海上志愿者的侵权责任,应充分考虑海上志愿服务的特殊性,以支持其发展为前提,根据现有法律体系,统一司法标准和机制,并加快专门立法。     

胶东金矿分类的研究现状与自然分类探讨

胶东金矿集区内已发现金矿床200余处,累计探明金矿资源储量近5 000t,是中国第一和世界第三大金矿集区。国内外学者对胶东金矿进行了大量研究,分类方案也多种多样,总体上可以归纳为3类:应用分类、成因分类、自然分类(成矿系列)。分类研究的对象从单一矿床发展到矿床组合,分类方案综合化、系统化程度越来越高。该文回顾了胶东金矿床分类研究的历史和现状,总结归纳了国内外学者对胶东金矿主要的分类方案,运用成矿系列思想对胶东金矿床分类的依据进行探讨,提出了胶东金矿床的自然分类方案,划分为1个成矿系列组合、2个成矿系列、3个成矿亚系列、9个矿床式。以期能为胶东金矿床成矿理论研究和深部找矿勘查提供参考。     

海翼水下滑翔机温盐深剖面仪盐度修正

通过均值过滤及Morison热滞后校正公式对存在温度误差的原始盐度进行修正。经过均值滤波后盐度尖峰现象消失,在温跃层由于热滞后导致的条状盐度抖动现象减小,上下行剖面盐度误差从0.013减小到0.004,总体修正盐度修正率提高3.05倍。结果表明利用该分段修正方法修正水下滑翔机搭载温盐深剖面仪（CTD）存在的盐度“尖峰”及热滞后误差效果显著。     

立管-水平板结构消浪特性试验研究

在现有的矩形方箱和透空结构的基础上,提出一种由立管和水平板组合而成的消浪结构。利用波浪水槽物理模型试验,测试该结构在单向规则波作用下的消浪性能。分别探讨了其单排布置和双排布置时的透射系数随结构宽度、相对吃水深 度、相对间距等因素的变化规律。结果表明：单排布置时,透射系数随结构宽度的增大而减小,总体上随吃水深度的增大而减小;双排布置时,透射系数相对总宽度相同的单体结构减少 10 %,透射系数随吃水深度的增大而减小,前后间距对透射系数的影响不明显。对试验结果数据进行曲线拟合,得到了透射系数关于各影响因素的函数表达式。     

进海路及人工端岛工程对滩海地貌变迁的影响及预测

根据实测资料,阐述了南堡滩海地貌的变迁,以东线进海路工程为例,研究了海岸线、砂坝、潮沟等地貌变迁,并进行了原因分析,对进海路及人工岛建成后海底地貌进行了定性的预测,提出了浅海滩涂油气开发建设宜采用栈桥式进海路设计。     

原始影像管理及质量分析系统的设计与实现

为了适应摄影测量与遥感技术的快速发展,满足测绘生产的需求现状,针对原始影像的管理与质量分析进行了深入的研究与探讨,并在现有的研究成果和设备的基础上,设计和实现了一套适应于作业部门需求的原始影像管理及质量分析系统。此系统不仅面向测绘生产者提供数据,而且也面向用户提供影像的初级产品———附有内外方位元素的原始影像,为实现原始影像的快速分发和共享提供了良好的服务平台。