Fluid Inclusions and Isotope Geochemistry of the Emba Derho and the Debarwa VMS Deposits, Asmara District, Eritrea

正Objective Recent exploration indicates several localities with significant gold,copper,and zinc resource potential in the Asmara district,Eritrea,including the Emba Derho and Debarwa volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits.These deposits are hosted by the Neoproterozoic metamorphic volcanic rocks of Asmara green stone belt,     

旅游社区多群体态度差异和冲突倾向的空间特征——以西安汤峪镇为例

随着乡村旅游的快速发展,乡村旅游社区逐步成为多群体竞争与冲突的场所,其内部多群体的态度差异成为指示社区冲突的重要指标。本文以西安汤峪镇为例,采用参与式制图（Participatory Mapping）和半结构访谈方法对当地居民、度假购房业主和游客3类群体的旅游开发态度和景观价值感知进行调查,最终获得315套访谈表与填图,共提取空间信息点5518个。基于对Brown等土地利用冲突倾向指标模型的修订,并结合地理空间分析方法探讨旅游社区态度差异和冲突倾向的空间特征。结论显示：① 旅游开发态度及其差异具有明显的地点指向性,并与景观价值的空间感知相关联。旅游开发冲突倾向空间上并非均匀分布,而是呈斑状格局,高值集中于社区旅游开发核心区域,且强度由开发的核心区域向外围区域减弱;② 潜在冲突地点的形成既有传统冲突因素的影响,又有特殊空间因素的作用,旅游开发要素的空间结构、多人群景观价值的空间感知、社区旅游发展阶段和相关人群的涉入程度都会影响冲突空间的形成;③ 参与式制图与深度访谈结合的方法能够帮助获得多人群主观数据,为认识态度和旅游开发冲突的空间特征提供了新的技术支撑。     

洞庭湖国际重要湿地生态系统健康和价值评价

构建了评价指标体系,通过实验室测试、遥感解译和问卷调查,获得了研究数据,采用市场价格法、影子工程法和成果参照法等,对洞庭湖国际重要湿地生态系统的健康和价值进行评价。结果表明,东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖3处国际重要湿地生态系统健康等级都为中等级,湿地表现出较高的稳定性,湿地总价值达到273.86×108元/a,单位面积价值为10.37×104元/(hm2·a),湿地发挥了重要的生态、社会和经济价值。     

南极1∶5000地形图测绘关键技术及相关问题处理——以南极维多利亚地站为例

从国家南极科学考察工作的实际需求出发,以南极拟新建站址维多利亚地1∶5 000地形图测绘为例,阐述进行南极特殊区域地形图测绘工作在数据获取及地形图测绘相关数据处理方面所遇到的问题,介绍南极特殊区域测绘与常规区域测绘生产的不同,以及在关键工序存在的问题及处理方法,为今后开展相关的地形图测绘工作提供技术依据。     

ON A TETRAPORA IN THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS ROCK OF SOUTHERN HUNAN

INTRODUCTION In the course of his journey across the Nanling range the writer observed two specimens of the present form (Tetrapora carbonica sp. nov.) embedded in a dense blackish gray limestone. Unfortunately the limestone is so dense that     

海岸带钻孔数据的可视化

采用组件式GIS软件MapObiects和面向对象编程工具Visual Basic对海岸带钻孔数据的可视化技术进行了分析和研究。对此，参照国家标准建立了相关图式库，实现了矢量钻孔图层显示与查询、单钻孔柱状剖面图和多钻孔剖面对比分析图的自动绘制等功能，并对其对比分析的算法作了讨论。结果表明该技术可以有效地实现海岸带钻孔数据的分析及可视化工作。     

马尔库斯海脊富钴结壳的钙质超微化石生物地层学研究

分布于大洋盆地高地形区的富钴结壳是一种经历了上千万年生长历程的、含多种有价值金属的特殊“沉积物”.与一般沉积物一样,富钴结壳也保存了海洋环境变迁更替的信息.正确解读结壳的生长历史,不仅对认识这种有用金属矿产的成因和成矿机制有重要意义,而且对研究第三纪以来的大洋古环境乃至这一时段的全球环境变化也有不容忽视的价值.     

穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响

用数值方法研宄穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响时,有些学者人为地设定了风速和热通量。这种做法可能会出现风速和热通量数值不匹配的问题。为了弥补这一缺陷,本文采用国内外常用的块体公式计算热通量的方法来代替人为设置,并以北太平洋为例,研究了穿透性太阳短波辐射对海洋混合层深度的影响。结果表明:低风速(U10<10m／s),且海表短波净辐射处于40～200 W／m2时,穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度影响很显著;高风速(U10>10m／s)和短波净辐射高值区(S*(0)>200 W／m2),穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响较小。     

海上桶基平台桶形基础渗流场的模型试验研究

海上桶形基础平台是一种新型平台，为研究其负压沉贯机理，了解沉贯过程中渗流场的基本特点，我们在室内进行了桶形基础渗流场模型试验。得到了渗流场的变化规律，验证了理论分析的结果，并得到一些有益的结论。     

A TEM study of the oriented orthopyroxene and forsterite inclusions in garnet from Otrøy garnet peridotite,WGR, Norway: new insights on crystallographic characteristics and growth energetics of exsolved pyroxene in relict majoritic garnet

Regularly oriented orthopyroxene (opx) and forsterite (fo) inclusions occur as opx + rutile (rt) or fo + rt inclusion domains in garnet (grt) from Otrøy peridotite. Electron diffraction characterization shows that forsterite inclusions do not have any specific crystallographic orientation relationships (COR) with the garnet host. In contrast, orthopyroxene inclusions have two sets of COR, that is, COR‐I: <111>_grt//<001>_opx and {110}_grt～//～{100}_opx (～13° off) and COR‐II: <111>_grt//<011>_opx and {110}_grt～//～{100}_opx (～14° off), in four garnet grains analysed. Both variants of orthopyroxene have a blade‐like habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel/sub‐parallel to {110}_grt plane and the long axis of the crystal, <001>_opx for COR‐I and <011>_opx for COR‐II, along <111>_grt direction. Whereas the lack of specific COR between forsterite and garnet, along with the presence of abundant infiltrating trails/veinlets decorated by fo + rt at garnet edges, provide compelling evidence for the formation of forsterite inclusions in garnet through the sequential cleaving–infiltrating–precipitating–healing process at low temperatures, the origin of the epitaxial orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet is not so obvious. In this connection, the reported COR, the crystal habit and the crystal growth energetics of the exsolved orthopyroxene in relict majoritic garnet were reviewed/clarified. The exsolved orthopyroxene in a relict majoritic garnet follows COR‐III: {112}_grt//{100}_opx and <111>_grt//<001>_opx. Based on the detailed trace analysis on published SEM images, these exsolved orthopyroxene inclusions are shown to have the crystal habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel to {112}_grt//{100}_opx and the long crystal axis along <111>_grt//<001>_opx. Such a crystal habit can be rationalized by the differences in oxygen sub‐lattices of both structures and represents the energetically favoured crystal shape of orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet formed by solid‐state exsolution mechanism. Considering the very different COR, crystal habit, as well as crystal growth direction, the orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet of the present sample most likely had been formed by mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution, regardless of their regularly oriented appearance in garnet and the COR specification between orthopyroxene and garnet. In fact, the crystallographic characteristics of orthopyroxene and the similar chemical compositions of garnet at opx + rt inclusion domains, fo + rt inclusion domains/trails and garnet rim suggest that the orthopyroxene inclusions in the garnet are most likely formed by similar cleaving‐infiltration process as forsterite inclusions, though probably at an earlier stage of metamorphism. This work demonstrates that the oriented inclusions in host minerals, with or without specific COR, can arise from mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution. Caution is thus needed in the interpretation of such COR, so that an erroneous identification of exhumation from UHP depths would not be made.