On the origin of oriented rutile needles in garnet from UHP eclogites

Although oriented rutile needles in garnet have been reported from several ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks and considered to be important UHP indicators, their crystallographic features including growth habit and lattice correspondences with garnet host have never been properly characterized. This paper presents a detailed analytical electron microscopic (AEM) study on evenly distributed oriented rutile needles in garnet of two eclogitic rocks from Sulu. Some garnet in one UHP diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rock from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, and in one high‐pressure (HP) felsic granulite from Bohemia also contain a few unevenly distributed oriented rutile needles. They have also been studied for the purpose of comparison. Despite different distribution patterns, AEM revealed that all rutile needles are oriented along the 〈111〉 directions of garnet with their lateral sides surrounded by the {110} planes of garnet, and that the growth directions of most needles are close to the normal of the {101} planes of rutile. No other specific crystallographic orientation relationships between rutile and garnet host were observed, and there is no pyroxene associated with rutile, as necessitated by the precipitation reaction of rutile in garnet as previously proposed. A simple solid‐state precipitation scenario for the formation of the rutile needles in garnet in these two eclogitic rocks is not justified. Three alternative mechanisms are considered for the formation of oriented rutile needles: (i) the rutile needles may be inherited from precursor minerals; (ii) the rutile needles may be formed by a dissolution–reprecipitation mechanism; and (iii) the rutile needles may be formed by cleaving and healing of garnet with rutile deposition. None of these mechanisms can fully explain the observations, although the first one is less likely and the third one is preferred. This study presents an example where the presence of oriented/aligned inclusions in minerals does not necessarily imply a precipitation origin.     

大别山南山岭石榴橄榄岩成因的岩石学研究

大别山罗田穹隆东南侧的南山岭石榴橄榄岩岩体面积小(173×133m~2),由贵橄榄石(75%)。透辉石(10%)和镁铝石榴石(15%)组成。本文通过岩石学及地球化学研究,并与大别山的碧溪岭、毛屋、饶拔寨、芝麻坊岩体以及其他地区的基性岩浆杂岩体(如红格岩体、元宝山岩体、柴北缘岩体)、残留地幔块体(五大连池、鹤壁、山旺)等不同成因的超镁铁岩进行对比后认为,该岩体属于火成成因,是镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的一部分。表现在:橄榄岩呈块状构造,矿物分布均匀未见定向排列,镜下呈现典型的火成结构;FeO~T含量高(21.36%),Mg~#(0.77)低,Mg Ni/Fe Mn(3.06)<7,V(175.5×10~(-6))含量高于地幔块体成因的橄榄岩;REE总量偏低,LREE弱富集,(La/Yb)_N=3.1,低于饶拔寨、芝麻坊等残留地幔块体成因的橄榄岩。南山岭橄榄岩在微量元素蛛网图中,具有Ba、U、Pb、Zr、Eu的正异常和Nb的负异常,石榴橄榄岩全岩以及透辉石单矿物都具有高~(87)Sr/86 Sr(0.7088,0.7086)和低ε_(Nd)(t)(-6.55～-6.01)的特征,尽管南山岭与碧溪岭岩体距离很近而且都属于火成成因,但岩石的结构构造、变质变形的印记、REE配分形式和同位素特征都有区别,表明二者的源区及演化经历不同,相比之下,南山岭岩浆源区地壳组分的作用更为明显。在ε_(Nd)(t)-(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t图解中南山岭橄榄岩的投点十分靠近大别山北麓120～130Ma侵位的祝家铺辉石岩-辉长岩岩体群的投点分布范围,暗示可能有与罗田穹窿西北侧祝家铺岩体群的岩浆活动相对应。     

一种多/高光谱遥感图像端元提取的凸锥分析算法

凸锥分析方法常用于多光谱和高光谱遥感图像的端元提取。遥感图像中的每个像元都可以看作一个多维向量,整幅影像看作由离散的非负向量构成的凸锥,通过寻找凸锥的角点来自动获取图像的端元。本文提出了一种自动选择最佳凸锥角点的方法,应用到传统的凸锥分析方法中,提高了凸锥分析方法的效率。利用模拟数据和真实数据实验验证了算法的可行性。     

硫酸盐渍土在多次冻融循环时的盐胀累加规律

通过室内模拟试验,研究了硫酸盐渍土在历经多次冻融循环时的盐胀累加规律,得出了盐胀累加的不同类型,给出了累加盐胀率与循环次烽之间的关系式,进一步揭示了盐胀累加的 和影响因素。     

C++虚拟继承状态下对象复制语义的分析研究

分析C 虚拟继承状态下的对象复制语义学.通过分析当前主流C 编译器对这个语义的支持情况,比较了它们之间实现上的差异;最后提出一种基于软件编码的实现方案,并比较了各种方案的性能优劣,以求更大限度的发挥C 的性能.     

因子克里格分析支持的重金属元素空间多尺度变化特征——以北部湾东北部海域为例

将因子克里格分析方法应用于海底沉积物重金属元素空间多尺度变化的研究中,分析了北部湾东北部表层沉积物中7种重金属元素,Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Cd的空间多尺度结构特征,识别并分离了重金属元素不同尺度的空间变化,并探讨了各个尺度上重金属的物源及控制因素。结果显示,研究区重金属存在块金效应、变程为30km的球状结构(短变程尺度)和变程为140km的球状结构(长变程尺度)等三种尺度的空间结构,并拟合了研究区7种重金属元素的线性协同区域化模型。短变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布表现为"点状"或"条带状"的局部尺度的空间变化特征;长变程尺度上,7种重金属元素的空间分布反映出"片状"的区域尺度的空间变化特征。局部尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb和Cd等元素主要源于海南岛、雷州半岛、广西大陆等陆地母岩物质,其空间分布特征受到了沉积物粒度的控制作用;而As主要受到海南岛、雷州半岛的人为污染成分的影响。区域尺度上,Zn、Cr、Ni和Cu主要来源于雷州半岛、海南岛的母岩物质,其次为广西大陆;As主要来源于海南岛的母岩物质,其次为雷州半岛、广西大陆。这些重金属元素在北部湾终年逆时针大环流的控制下,进行搬运、迁移并沉积在"汇聚中心",形成了研究区重金属元素区域尺度上NWW-NNW向的分布格局;而As不同于其他元素的亲陆的NNW向分布特征,主要源于其不同的地球化学行为。     

一种高频雷达回波谱反演海浪的新算法

在高频地波雷达海浪谱反演问题中,广泛采用的Barrick后向散射公式属于第一类非线性Fredholm积分方程。此类积分方程的解在本质上是不适定的,加之高频雷达二阶回波信号信噪比较低,使得反演海浪谱存在解不稳定的问题。本文提出一种稳定且低复杂度的反演算法,此算法首先根据高频雷达一阶回波谱测量海浪方向,并将其引入积分方程求解过程,减少求解变量的个数,降低反演算法的复杂度。为解决反演结果不稳定的问题,使用Tikhonov正则化方法并利用广义交叉验证法(GCV)确定其正则化系数。通过在不同测试条件下对反演算法的仿真测试分析,表明此方法具有运算量小、稳定性好的特点。     

基于三轴加速度的波浪测量技术研究

以浮标为载体,以TMS320C6416型DSP处理器、三轴加速度传感器、电子罗盘为硬件电路核心,利用加速度频域二次积分的波高计算方法以及三轴加速度倾角补偿电子罗盘的波向测量方式,进行海洋波浪要素测量技术研究,获取了某一海域不同时段的波浪特征值。     

Composition and Origin of Ferromanganese Crusts from Equatorial Western Pacific Seamounts

In the equatorial western Pacific, iron-manganese oxyhydroxide crusts(Fe-Mn crusts) and nodules form on basaltic seamounts and on the top of drowned carbonate platform guyots that have been swept free of pelagic sediments. To date, the Fe-Mn crusts have been considered to be almost exclusively of abiotic origin. However, it has recently been suggested that these crusts may be a result of biomineralization. Although the Fe-Mn crust textures in the equatorial western Pacific are similar to those constructed by bacteria and algae, and biomarkers also document the existence of bacteria and algae dispersed within the Fe-Mn crusts, the precipitation, accumulation and distribution of elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ni and Co in Fe-Mn crusts are not controlled by microbial activity. Bacteria and algae are only physically incorporated into the crusts when dead plankton settle on the ocean floor and are trapped on the crust surface. Geochemical evidence suggests a hydrogenous origin of Fe-Mn crusts in the equatorial western Pacific, thus verifying a process for Fe-Mn crusts that involves the precipitation of colloidal phases from seawater followed by extensive scavenging of dissolved trace metals into the mineral phase during crust formation.     

结合地理空间数据的输电线路通道潜在滑坡体稳定性评价

输电线路常需要通过地质灾害危险区域,对输电线路通道所经区域的潜在滑坡体进行稳定性分析及安全评价具有重要意义.本文基于直升机扫描LiDAR DEM和DOM数据,利用地理空间信息处理技术和有限元强度折减法分析,对某输电线路通道潜在滑坡安全隐患的边坡进行了分析计算.首先对输电线路通道原始扫描数据进行处理,提取滑坡体参数,再通过有限元软件建立滑坡体的三维地质模型;然后,利用强度折减法对潜在滑坡体进行自然、暴雨工况下的数值模拟和稳定性计算,求出滑坡体的安全系数,获得滑坡体应力、应变和位移云图,综合评价线路通道潜在滑坡体的稳定状态,为输电线路电力设施通道滑坡灾害防治安全设计和施工提供科学依据.