有限元法模拟开挖引起的基坑水平位移和邻近建筑物沉降

以徐州某采用水泥土墙支护的基坑为例,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,对基坑开挖引起的水平位移量和邻近建筑物沉降量进行了计算,并与实际监测值进行了对比分析,得到了一些关于如何控制基坑水平位移和减少基坑周边建筑沉降的结论。     

上海市长江口及邻近海域地质调查现状及展望

海洋区域地质调查近年来逐渐得到重视,海洋地质调查技术的发展也为开展海洋区域地质调查奠定了基础。上海地区社会经济发展对地质工作的需求,为摸清上海市长江口及邻近海域的地质现状提出了必然要求。本文在系统整理长江口及邻近海域地质资料的基础上,重点分析了区内存在的重点地质问题和研究存在的问题,根据海洋地质调查的技术发展,结合国内相关地区的调查经验,对长江口及邻近海域内区域地质调查进行了展望,提出了采用综合物探技术、地质取样和测试分析进行综合地质环境调查的建议,并对具体采用的调查技术和调查内容进行了论述。     

Propagation of MHD body and surface waves in magnetically structured regions of the solar atmosphere

The fact that magnetically structured regions exist in the solar atmosphere has been known for a number of years. It has been suggested that different kinds of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves can be efficiently damped in these regions and that the dissipated wave energy may be responsible for the observed enhancement in radiative losses. From a theoretical point of view, an important task would be to investigate the propagation and dissipation of MHD waves in these highly structured regions of the solar atmosphere. In this paper, we study the behavior of MHD body and surface waves in a medium with either a single or double (slab) magnetic interface by use of a nonlinear, two-dimensional, time-dependent, ideal MHD numerical model constructed on the basis of a Lagrangean grid and semi-implicit scheme. The processes of wave confinement and wave energy leakage are discussed in detail. It is shown that the obtained results depend strongly on the type of perturbations imposed on the interface or slab and on the plasma parameter, . The relevance of the obtained results to the heating problem of the upper parts of the solar atmosphere is also discussed.     

流体在岩浆型铬铁矿和铂族元素成矿过程中的作用及意义

镁铁- 超镁铁岩是揭示地幔物质组成和壳幔相互作用的重要窗口，也是Ni- Cu- PGE- Cr等金属矿产资源的重要载体。不同的镁铁- 超镁铁岩体赋矿特征明显不同：蛇绿岩以产出铬铁矿床为特征，阿拉斯加型岩体主要赋含铂族元素(PGE)矿床，大型层状岩体则可同时产出铬铁矿床、PGE矿床和Cu- Ni硫化物矿床。这种成矿差异显然与赋矿岩体形成的构造背景、母岩浆经历的岩浆演化过程有关，但缺少关键控制因素的研究。前人对上述不同种类矿床的研究工作主要集中于地幔源区的部分熔融、上升过程中或岩浆房内的围岩混染和结晶分异等岩浆过程，而极少关注流体作用。近年来，实验岩石学和岩石地球化学的研究均表明幔源岩浆演化过程中的流体活动可能对成矿元素的富集迁移起到至关重要的作用，同时这些成矿元素的赋存状态和分配系数也在不断更新。厘清Cr和PGE在熔体演化——尤其是流体出溶过程中的地球化学行为，刻画并揭示其迁移富集、分离和再富集的成矿过程及控制因素，已成为当前岩浆矿床研究的热点。本文围绕富水流体与铬铁矿和PGE成矿关系的科学问题，总结了不同镁铁- 超镁铁岩体的成矿差异以及铬铁矿和PGE矿床成矿过程中的流体活动记录，提出流体性质和组分对铬铁矿和PGE迁移富集的控制作用，强调有必要开展蛇绿岩、大型层状镁铁- 超镁铁岩体和阿拉斯加型岩体的对比研究。     

福州古桥文化资源特征、保护及开发利用初探

福州古桥素以技术精湛、构造独特、规模宏大以及雕刻细腻而闻名中外.古桥既凝聚了工匠们的劳动创造精神,又积淀了深厚的历史文化,极具学术、文物和旅游价值.目前福州古桥状况堪忧,本文在考察古桥现状特色的基础上,分析面临的问题,提出一些保护及开发利用的建议.     

Na depletion in modern adakites via melt / rock reaction within the sub-arc mantle

Interaction between slab-derived melt and mantle peridotite and the role of slab melt as a metasomatizing agent in the sub-arc mantle is being increasingly recognized. Adakite, the slab melt erupted on the surface, usually exhibits anomalously high MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni contents that indicate interaction with mantle peridotitite. Here we note that Cenozoic adakites have Na₂O contents below 5.8 wt.% with ∼95% samples lower than 5.0 wt.%, and are generally depleted in this component relative to experimental basalt partial melts (mostly beyond 5.0 wt.% and up to 9.0 wt.% Na₂O) produced under 1.5-3.0 GPa conditions that are most relevant to adakite production. We interpret the adakite Na depletion to be also a consequence of the melt / rock reaction that takes place within the hot mantle wedge. During ascent and reaction with mantle peridotite, primary adakite melts gain mantle components MgO, CaO, Cr and Ni but lose Na₂O, SiO₂ and perhaps K₂O to the mantle, leading to Na-rich mantle metasomatism. Selective assimilation of predominately mantle clinopyroxene, some spinel and minor olivine at high T/P has been considered to be an important process in producing high-Mg adakites from primary low-Mg slab melts [Killian, R., Stern, C. R., 2002. Constraints on the interaction between slab melts and the mantle wedge from adakitic glass in peridotite xenoliths. Eur. J. Mineral. 14, 25-36]. In such a process, Na depletion in the assimilated melt is the result of dilution due to the increase in melt mass. Phase relationships in the reaction system siliceous melt + peridotite and quantitative calculation suggest that assimilation of mantle clinopyroxene, olivine and spinel and fractional crystallization of sodic amphibole and orthopyroxene, under conditions of moderate T/P and increasing melt mass, is also an important process that modifies the composition of adakites and causes the Na depletion.     

Effects of dynamic shear strength and time-histories stress analysis on newmark sliding block analyses

A simplified procedure for evaluating aseismic stability of slope subjected to earthquake shaking, in which the effect of dynamic shear strength and time-history stress on the yielding angular acceleration of sliding block is taken into account, is presented. The fundamental feature of this procedure is the dynamic shear strength. The numerical computations are performed by using the proposed method. It is shown that the computed sliding displacement for a given core dam, with either method of dynamic shear strength properly considered, is more rational compared with the conventional computational results based on static shear strength.     

地球化学异常再现性与可对比性

不同密度采样是否可以获得稳定的和可追索的地球化学模式是检验采样是否具有代表性，分析技术是否成熟的重要依据。笔者选择新疆哈密大南湖地区约6400km^2面积，进行了从超低密度(1个样／100km^2)，甚低密度(1个样／25km^2)直到低密度(1个样／4km^2)地球化学采样，对比了3种密度地球化学采样所获得的地球化学数据和异常分布模式。得出如下结论：超低密度、甚低密度、低密度地球化学调查获得的元素含量平均值和背景值非常接近；超低密度、甚低密度、低密度调查所圈定的地球化学省在形态上和变化趋势上非常相似，浓集中心的位置重合，表明不同调查阶段可获得稳定的和可追索的地球化学模式；采样密度越大数据离散程度越高，即最小值更小，最大值更大，表明元素分布的局部不均匀性，正是这种局部的不均匀性才能通过加密采样刻画出地球化学模式的细节变化，为逐步追踪矿化体奠定了基础；超低密度和甚低密度采样可以有效圈定矿集区所形成的大规模地球化学异常，低密度地球化学调查不仅可以圈定矿集区异常，同时可以圈定分散矿化的小规模局部异常。     

北京城近郊区土壤中Cd的释放、形态转化与演变趋势

在对北京城近郊区主要类型土壤（潮土和褐土）中Cd形态分析的基础上，研究pH与土壤中Cd的释放量及其形态转化的关系。结果表明：潮土和褐土中Cd的释放量曲线都呈下凹的弧形，在pH=6～7之间释放量最低。pH对土壤中Cd释放的影响，其本质是土壤中Cd的化学形态发生了变化，各形态间的转化以水溶态为中介体。所有的形态转化中，pH对交换态和碳酸盐结合态影响最大，且这两者之间的转化对生物有效量起决定性作用。进而根据北京城近郊区土壤中生物有效Cd的分布状况，结合北京市近12年监测的大气pH值，对北京城近郊区土壤Cd污染进行预警。