大伙房库区近30年来植被覆盖变化分析

根据像元二分模型原理,利用1983年、2000年、2011年大伙房库区遥感影像数据提取植被覆盖遥感信息,结合植被指数计算植被覆盖度,分析比较大伙房库区不同时期植被覆盖的变化,研究大伙房库区这三个时期植被覆盖动态变化规律,为大伙房库区的生态建设和可持续发展提供决策支持。结果显示:1近30年以来,大伙房库区植被覆盖等级分布不均衡,高植被覆盖区过分集中在北部地带,西部则多为低植被覆盖区;2大伙房库区高植被覆盖面积在减少、低植被覆盖面积在增加;3大伙房库区植被覆盖总面积在下降,库区的生态环境已经遭到了破坏;4政策建议:加强监测与监管力度,合理开发利用矿产资源,积极响应国家"退耕还林、退耕还草"号召。     

褐藻纲海带目Laminaria属和Saccharina属基于三个分子标记的系统发育分析

In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina.     

内蒙古东南部早三叠世花岗岩带岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境

锆石U-Pb定年结果表明位于林西县北西的转山子岩体的形成时代为245.6±0.9Ma,该岩体与内蒙古东南部的龙头山和建设屯岩体共同构成一条大致平行于西拉木伦河蛇绿岩带的早三叠世花岗岩带。岩石学和地球化学分析表明,上述早三叠世岩体属于钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,铝饱和指数(ACNK)均小于1.1,属于偏铝质或弱过铝质的I型花岗岩。其中,转山子岩体轻重稀土分馏较弱,含有较低的Sr含量(400×10-6),显示经典岛弧岩石的特征;建设屯岩体具有强烈的轻重稀土分馏以及较高的Sr含量(400×10-6),显示埃达克岩的地球化学特征;龙头山岩体的轻重稀土分馏特征和Sr的含量总体介于前两者之间。锆石Hf同位素分析表明,上述三个岩体都具有正的εHf(t)值。岩石地球化学特征反映它们起源于不同深度的新生下地壳不同程度的部分熔融作用。综合考虑区域地层和岩浆岩资料,本文认为该花岗岩带与区域上同时代的镁铁质火山岩共同形成于西伯利亚和中朝古板块碰撞造山过程中与伸展有关的地球动力学环境,可能与向南俯冲的古亚洲洋板块在早三叠世的断离引起的软流圈上涌有关。     

云南维西三叠纪攀天阁火山弧区域地质特征及找矿意义

攀天阁火山弧是江达―维西陆缘火山弧的二级构造单元,近年通过大量的野外地质调查和综合研究,发现铁铜铅锌金银等多个矿点,并初步认为攀天阁火山弧的成矿环境与多岛弧盆及次一级多个封闭或半封闭,并属于弧间盆地的弧内坳陷洼地的古地理构造有关。且弧内可能存在一个局部拉张环境下形成的小海盆,海盆于晚三叠世晚期关闭,结束了攀天阁火山弧的弧盆成矿演化阶段。剐抓瓜断裂可能是小海盆关闭的产物。燕山-喜马拉雅期大规模、大范围的构造叠加,使该区又进入陆内构造转换成矿演化阶段,多岛弧盆的古地理格局与大范围、多期次的成矿构造事件叠加,使弧内沿剐抓瓜断裂一带成为主要的矿集区,并且区域物化探综合异常与矿集区矿点叠合较好,关联性强。综合认识这些特点对攀天阁火山弧的弧内找矿工作具有十分重要的意义。     

薄层自流式光生物反应器研制及微藻培养效果评价

【目的】针对跑道池光生物反应器光照比表面积小、产率低、耗水量大等问题,设计一种新型薄层自流式光生物反应器。【方法】使用Solidworks软件进行三维建模设计,建立该新型反应器的微藻培养系统,并与跑道池光生物反应器进行微藻培养中试对比评价试验;建造一套薄层自流式反应器的微藻大规模培养系统,并以同株栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)为培养藻种,进行4批次的培养试验,评价该反应器的微藻培养效果。【结果】所设计薄层自流式反应器光径减小,光照比表面积,藻液混合程度提高;中试试验结果表明,薄层自流式反应器中栅藻的生长速率明显高于同期跑道池光生物反应器,生物质浓度显著高于跑道池反应器,单位面积产率(每天单位占地面积的产量)升高13%,薄层式反应器的耗水量约低于跑道池反应器6倍。大规模培养试验表明,薄层自流式反应器的微藻生物质产率明显高于跑道池反应器,微藻生物质产率单日高达0.86 g·L^-1·d^-1,占地面积产率达43.5 g·m^-2·d^-1,最终生物质浓度达2.31 g·L^-1,远高于跑道池光生物反应器最高生物质质量浓度(约0.01~0.6 g·L^-1)。【结论】薄层自流式光生物反应器一定程度上克服了跑道池光生物反应器的缺点,收获微藻的生物质产率和浓度高。     

数字化天气雷达回波资料在人工影响天气工作中的处理应用

主要讨论通过数字化天气雷达终端获得的回波资料，在回波类型识别、垂直累积含水量计算，人工增雨防雹作业指标的确定及效果检验等技术产品获得中的处理技术及应用等问题。     

黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔二段湖盆结构恢复

孔南地区孔二段受到沧东断层、徐西断层等活动影响,地层结构遭受强烈的改造,原有湖盆结构发生了很大的变化。隆起区构造单元富泥质沉积,凹陷构造单元富砂质沉积,成为研究区孔二段的主要特征之一,也成为研究的难点。本文通过对研究区孔二段沉积厚度、岩相、沉积相、构造分析以及等时地层格架下的沉积体系展布规律分析等,对孔二段沉积时期湖盆结构进行了恢复,改变了以往认为孔店期为断陷产物的认识,得出孔二段沉积时期,湖盆总体为坳陷盆地,现今处于盆地中心的孔店隆起构造带为孔二期的古湖盆中心和沉降中心。这一结论对认识黄骅坳陷孔南地区盆地演化,成因机制和油气勘探具有重要的意义。     

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China. The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation. This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area, and used the Groundwater modeling system software (GMS) to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point, line, and surface development modes. The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer. The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise, while the water level on the downstream face would drop. The “line” concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m. The “surface” development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field, and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.