贵州土地石漠化类型时空演变过程及其评价

构建了贵州20世纪80年代、90年代和21世纪初等3期历史石漠化数据,利用其空间变换和数学模型详细探讨和评价了石漠化的时空演变过程,研究发现:(1)研究时段内贵州省石漠化总面积变化不明显,但石漠化内部类型之间的相互演变非常显著,各类型之间的演变具有转移、多变、"此消彼长"的特点.(2)石漠化的时空演变过程可分为单变方式、层变方式、返变方式等3种基本类型,其中以层变方式为主.单变方式为辅.返变方式较少.(3)石漠化正向演变与逆向演变并存,治理速度赶不上恶化速度,两者的比值为82.29%,局部治理,整体恶化.(4)各石漠化类型总的演变速率是398.31 km2·a-1,石漠化等级越高,演变速率越慢.(5)石漠化演变频率最快的是中度石漠化和潜在石漠化.轻度石漠化的演变频率明显低于中度石漠化.对石漠化的空间演变区域特征和影响因子做了宏观的定性分析、并根据石漠化演变特点对综合治理提出了相应的建议.     

Groundwater System Division and Description of Asia

Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. This forms part of the work of the groundwater series map of Asia, which is compiled according to groundwater system division and evaluation of the total amount and types of aquifer, reflecting the large-scale features of groundwater resources in Asia. Systematic profiling of groundwater in this way provides a scientific basis for groundwater exploitation planning and management in Asia, and avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and the environment among Asian countries.     

盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物特征

为揭示盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物群落结构特征,1994-1995年,对松嫩平原苏打盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统水体与土壤中的微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,稻-鱼湿地水体中异养细菌数量显著高于稻田湿地(P<0.05),季节变化特点为秋季>夏季>春季。异养细菌的数量分布与鱼产量有显著相关关系(r=0.879)。稻-鱼湿地系统的土壤微生物数量明显高于稻田湿地(P<0.01)。稻-鱼湿地和稻田湿地分别检测出10个和11个属的异养细菌。稻-鱼湿地系统1个生长期细菌的平均生物量为0.973g/m3,生产量为307.5 kg/hm2,所提供的鱼产力为7.0 kg/hm2。     

硼酸盐化学(XXXV): MgO·3B2O3-18%MgSO4-H2O过饱和溶液0℃结晶动力学研究

首次研究了MgO·3B2 O3 1 8%MgSO4 H2 O过饱和溶液 0℃结晶动力学过程 ,得到三方硼镁石和章氏硼镁石两种固相及其结晶动力学方程。从多聚硼氧配阴离子多粒子共存的角度提出结晶反应机制 ,分析了制约硼酸镁盐析出的因素及不同电解质 (MgCl2 和MgSO4)对硼酸镁盐结晶过程的影响。     

基于GIS的合肥市BRT和Metro交通可达性研究

评价了合肥市中心城区的BRT和在建Metro线路对可达性的影响。基于GIS网络分析模拟复杂的多模式交通网络,应用修正潜能模型指标度量了居民区与CBD、与商业金融中心、与行政中心以及与工业区的可达性,对比有无BRT和Metro两种情景下的可达性变化。研究结果表明:在有BRT和Metro时,居民区至CBD的可达性均值变化幅度为45.8%,出行时间从65.5min减至35.5min;居民区至商业金融中心的可达性均值变化幅度为45.7%,时间从74.8min减至40.6min;居民区至行政中心的可达性均值变化幅度为18.9%,时间从104.7min减至84.9min;居民区至工业区的可达性均值变化幅度为37.4%,时间从92.1min减至57.7min。BRT和Metro线路显著地节省了居民出行时间,改善了城市边缘区域的交通可达性,其中经开区的可达性变化幅度最高,其次是滨湖新区、高新区和东区、老城区、南区、西区和北区。     

利益相关者对旅游产业的认知差异分析

基于一般系统论和博弈论理论,对旅游产业利益相关者进行界定,分析了各利益主体对旅游产业认知差异,认为主要表现在政策、经济、社会文化、环境保护等4个方面.由于认知差异的存在,各利益主体行为对旅游产业产生了正面影响和负面影响,针对负面影响提出了相应的对策,旨在促进旅游产业发展达到一种利益均衡、责权对称的状态.     

Estimation of groundwater residence time and recession rate in watershed of the Loess Plateau

Groundwater residence time is an important indicator of hydrological cycle and essential for water resources development and utilization. In this paper, groundwater residence time in non-flood season, flood season and water year has been determined from daily streamflow hydrograph of ten hydrological stations in Wudinghe River Basin located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Results have showed that: baseflow recession constant in Wudinghe River Basin ranges from 0.72 to 0.94 with a larger recession rate in flood season than that in non-flood season. Spatially, the recession rate of baseflow in loess area is the biggest, but is the smallest in the sandy area. The half-residence time of groundwater varies from 1.8 to 45.5 days while overall residence time of groundwater is between 34 and 342 days in different sub-basins of the Wudinghe River Basin. The annual average overall residence time of groundwater decreases from 117 days in the upper reaches to 73 days in the lower reaches.     

萨拉乌苏河流域150 ka BP以来的粒度旋回

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾地层剖面150kaBP以来古流动砂丘砂与河湖相和古土壤在粒度上具有多次显著的粗细韵律交替变化，粒度参数-Mz、σ、Sk、Kg和SC/D亦随之响应为多波动峰谷交替的态势，同时，粒度特征值-φ5、φ16φ、φ25、φ50、φ84、φ9相应地表现为非常有节奏地跳动，据此，将米浪沟湾剖面划分为27个粒度粗细沉积旋回，并认为其是150kaBP以来在东亚冬夏古代季风交替影响下沙漠演变的一个颇为完整的气候-地质过程记录。     

红壤丘陵区耕层土壤颗粒的分形特征

以土壤颗粒组成数据为基础,运用分形模型分析了红壤丘陵区耕层土壤颗粒的分形维数。结果表明,13个耕层土壤颗粒的分形维数D为2.772~2.897,其中紧砂土2.788,砂壤土2.807,中壤土2.814,轻壤土2.817。分形维数随土壤质地的变细而增大;由北向南,逐渐增加;成土母质对土壤颗粒的分形维数影响较大;D与全氮含量达极显著正相关,与有机质含量、全磷含量达显著正相关,D与有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量的复相关达极显著水平。     

The Geological Characteristics of Chengkou Type Shale Gas of Lower Cambrian in Dabashan

<正>1 Introduction After the successful implementation of large-scale shale gas exploration、development and utilization in United States,the domestic shale gas exploration and development is in a rapid development.However,the progress of exploration and understanding of the highEvolution shale gas in the complex structure zone of the outer basin are relatively slow,the evaluation method and