Approximation of interfacial properties in multiphase porous medium systems

We investigate the estimation of interfacial areas, curvatures, and common curve lengths in multiphase porous medium systems. Algorithms are developed to obtain estimates of these quantities based upon a variety of potential data sources and estimation approaches. The accuracy of the derived approximations are evaluated as a function of the data type and resolution of the data. The methods advanced improve upon standard approaches now in use and show excellent accuracy at resolutions on the order of five lattice points per minimum radius of curvature of the object being resolved. Finally, we suggest a promising class of extensions that could lead to further improvements in the accuracy of such methods.     

Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert

Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (～10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (～60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on Uncertainties of Seismicity Parameters b and ν_4 in Seismic Statistical Zones

For several seismic statistical zones in North China,the key factors causing uncertainties in the important seismicity parameters b and ν_4 and the features of their uncertainties are discussed in this paper.The magnitude of uncertainty is also analyzed.It can be seen that the key influencing factors are statistical period,methods of processing statistical samples,lower limit magnitude and the annual average occurrence ratio of large earthquakes.The variation ranges of b and ν_4 in the Tancheng-Lujiang zone are as high as 0.2 and 1.4 respectively,which are similar to those in the Fenwei zone.They are much smaller however in the Hebei zone because of its sufficient statistical samples.     

带权约束参数平差在工程控制网优化中的应用

介绍用带权约束平差原理编制的工程控制网试验修正法设计和平差程序,并用于设计工程导线和平差变形观测控制网等实际工程的例子,据此提供一些结论和建议.     

利用GPS技术遥感大气对流层水汽含量的研究

讨论了利用 GPS系统探测大气对流层水汽含量的原理和数学模型 ,对利用 GPS遥感大气对流层水汽的加权平均温度、水汽含量随时间的变化等一些关键问题进行了探讨。通过对我国沿海地区大连、青岛、闸坡、坎门、厦门 5个测站的实验数据的解算 ,获得了较为满意的结果。     

用递归算法实现整周模糊度矢量空间的遍历

整周模糊度搜索是整周模糊度分解的关键 ,周跳的存在使整周模糊度个数具有不确定性 ,本文给出了在整周模糊度不确定的情况下动态整周模糊度搜索问题的描述 ,以及完成整周模糊度矢量空间遍历的递归算法具体实现 ,最后结合模拟算例分析了该算法的效率性     

大气环流变化对黑龙江省雨涝及全国雨型的影响

研究了黑龙江省7、8月雨涝发生时500hPa环流盛行定常行星波列，以及它们前期4－6月五流演变情况。并研究了雨涝发生全国多为A型雨型即北多南少；6月盛行B型雨型即黄河和华南多雨，又可分为一个副型为B1雨型即两江多雨型，长江、松花江流域多雨，其它少雨；5月和4月分别盛行C和D雨型，即黄河流域多南北少或长江以北多以南少。并指出河套与山西、河北北部多雨是造成黑龙江省雨涝的关键区。     

基于GPS技术的大型结构建筑物动态监测

在回顾传统的结构物震动和位移测量方法的基础上，详细阐述了采用GPS进行大型建筑物动态监测的原理、方法。介绍国内外典型的动态监测实例，提出了监测数据的管理与可视化方案，对未来大型结构建筑物动态监测的技术进行了展望。     

甫沙-曲吕西地区电磁阵列剖面法研究

通过对塔里木盆地西南缘甫沙-曲吕西地区电法勘探(CEMP),以电性剖面为主,综合地震、重力、地面地质等资料,运用前陆盆地构造分析学理论,对该区构造式样及局部构造进行了研究,摸索了一套研究复杂构造的方法,弥补了地震勘探的不足.     

模糊目标的概念模型和应用

由于现实世界的连续性和多样性，地理实体具有不确定空间分布范围和边界，它们在GIS中的表达被称为模糊目标，提出了“模糊空间分布目标”的概念表示模糊目标即地理实体的复杂性和多样性。讨论了3个通用模糊目标模型以适用于不同的情形,FF－object具有模糊空间分布和模糊内核，适用于描述空间重叠的目标；FG－object具有确切内核和模糊空间分布，适用于描述空间分离但边界不明的目标，CF－object具有确切的条件边界和模糊内核，适用于描述空间分离且有边界的目标，我们用一个海岸带研究的实例说明模糊目标模型的应用。