湘西保靖县塘口湾水库岩溶渗漏分析

库区可能渗漏的岩溶形态,特别是岩溶负向形态的观测、钻孔和跨孔电磁波透视及CT层析成像揭示,库区的岩溶渗漏途径有所不同。根据控岩断裂的分布、岩溶发育强度和渗漏途径的变化特征,归纳为3种岩溶渗漏类型(方式): 断裂裂隙间溶裂系统(缝)渗漏,多发生在页岩与碳酸盐岩界面附近;小型溶隙(缝)孔洞渗漏,集中在500m 高程段上下;洞穴复合系统渗漏,主要在510m 高程上下。库区岩溶渗漏严重性由下而上增强。      

大地电磁三维正演并行算法研究

大地电磁法三维正演算法计算量大,用传统的串行程序计算相当耗时。而三维正演是逐个频率按顺序计算的,并行性好,适合并行运算。结合MPI自身的优越性,在深入分析大地电磁三维正演串行程序实现流程的基础上,确定了并行计算的思路,实现了三维正演的并行计算。通过三个理论模型对实现的三维正演并行程序进行了试算,分析对比了在多种情况下程序的执行效率。测试结果表明,所实现的三维正演并行程序运行结果正确,效率提高明显。此思路可为解决其它地球物理超大计算量问题所借鉴。     

华北地区石炭－二叠系煤系地层和轻质油关系研究

对华北地区石炭－二叠系、下第三系、中上元古界沉积物和油样的低环萜烷参数用因子分析方法进行油源对比，表明石炭－二叠系部分样品与该区轻质油的关系密切。进一步分析这套地层的有机地球化学特征后，提出壳质组含量和成熟度是决定石炭－二叠系能否生成轻质油的主要因素，并提出该区煤系地层生成轻质油的成熟度下限是镜质组反射率Ｒ０为１．１％。     

A systematic approach to the input determination for neural network rainfall–runoff models

Input determination has a great influence on the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall–runoff models. To improve the performance of ANN models, a systematic approach to the input determination for ANN models is proposed. In the proposed approach, the irrelevant inputs are removed. Then an adequate ANN model, which only includes highly relevant inputs, is constructed. Unlike the trial‐and‐error procedure, the proposed approach is more systematic and avoids unnecessary trials. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application to actual typhoon events is presented. The results show that the proposed ANN model, which is constructed by the proposed approach, has advantages over those obtained by the trial‐and‐error procedure. The proposed ANN model has a simpler architecture, needs less training time, and performs better. The proposed ANN model is recommended as an alternative to existing rainfall–runoff ANN models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

曲折九十年,半部科学史——纪念中国地质博物馆建馆90周年

翻开中国地质博物馆90年的曲折历史,那一幕幕鲜活的场景、一张张生动的面孔、一件件精美的藏品,无不在倾诉中华民族的奋发与苦难,无不在演绎地质科学的宏大与精深,无不在展示地质学人的探求与风采,这分明是一部活生生的中国近代科学发展史.     

基于RBF神经网络的土壤铬含量空间预测

以广东省增城市为实验基地,采用随机采样的方法采集土壤铬含量样点,并将其分为训练数据集和检验数据集。设计4种样点布局方案,对前三组数据用RBF神经网络方法进行土壤铬含量插值,分析预测误差。研究发现,当样点较少时,RBF神经网络方法的插值结果较精确。而当样点数据为50时,误差较大,不能满足插值要求。通过插值结果的对比发现,较传统的统计学插值方法,RBF神经网络方法克服了平滑效应,特别是在数据较少的情况下,进行空间预测效果较好,是一种适用范围更广的插值方法。     

Noble Gases in the Lunar Regolith

The most fundamental character of lunar soil is its high concentrations of solar-wind-implanted elements, and the concentrations and behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe, which provide unique and extensive information about a broad range of fundamental problems. In this paper, the authors studied the forming mechanism of lunar regolith, and proposed that most of the noble gases in lunar regolith come from the solar wind. Meteoroid bombardment controls the maturity of lunar soil, with the degree of maturation decreasing with grain size; the concentrations of the noble gases would be of slight variation with the depth of lunar soil but tend to decrease with grain size. In addition, the concentrations of noble gases in lunar soil also show a close relationship with its mineral and chemical compositions. The utilization prospects of the noble gas ^3He in lunar regolith will be further discussed.     

DEM数据的高效组织

随着DEM数据在航摄技术设计中的大量使用,DEM数据的组织和分析效率已经成为评价航线设计软件优劣的重要因素。本文介绍如何根据航摄范围快速高效地提取DEM数据并通过VC++编程实现该算法,且以具体的实际DEM数据来进行验证,最后分析具体的实例来说明该方法的适用性和可应用性。试验结果表明,该方法不仅可有效地优化软件的运行环境和提高软件的适用性,而且具有很灵活的应用性和很高的检索效率。     

A CASE STUDY OF SEDIMENT IMPACT ON THE ECOSYSTEM

IINTRODUCTIONInthepast,thesedimenttransportisconsideredinmostengineeringproblemsbecauseofitssignificanteffectonreservoir,navigation,floo'dingcontrolandstabilityofcoastallines(Xuetal.,1992;Heetal.,1997).Inrecentyears,impactsofsedimentontheecologicalhabitatshavebeennotedbymanyenvironmentalists(Klaus,1997).Itseemsthattheconceptofsedimenthazardsorsedimentimpactsmustbeextendedandtheenvironmentalorecologicalimpactmustbeincludedinanycomprehensiveassessment.Forexample,thelarge-scaleconstructiono…