网络地震谣言监测系统的设计和应用

介绍了一种网络地震谣言监测系统原理,设计思路和应用情况。针对目前互联网上地震谣言频发却又难以及时检测到的问题,用软件方式取代原有的人工监视模式,实现了对网络地震谣言的全天候、高效率的监测。结合网络爬虫和知识库等技术,根据特定的匹配条件对设定范围的网址进行周期性检查,一旦发现疑似谣言信息就以短信和屏幕弹窗方式向值班人员报警。     

云南中甸-大具断裂上新发现的地震地表破裂带

中甸-大具断裂是川滇菱形块体的西南边界,总体走向310°—320°。近年来我们对该断裂进行了1:50000条带状地质填图,发现了断裂活动的地质地貌证据。其中,在丽江大具盆地内（金沙江右岸）沿断裂新发现一处典型地震地表破裂带,长约600m,宽120m左右,主要表现为地表挤压鼓包、挤压垄脊、张裂缝、挤压阶区等,呈NW走向,与中甸-大具断裂走向基本一致。野外工作中,我们详细记录和测量了地表破裂的破裂样式、破裂规模和相关定量数据,利用旋翼无人机测绘了地表破裂带的形态和展布,获得了高精度DEM,分析了地表破裂表现出的运动性质。在已有资料的基础上讨论了地表破裂的形成时代、归属、震级大小,简要分析了其发震断层。新地震地表破裂带的发现为进一步研究中甸-大具断裂活动特征、古地震及地震危险性提供了基础资料。     

泥炭质土地基流变非线性沉降计算

泥炭质土是一种特殊的区域性软土,其上建构筑物易产生较大工后沉降,对建构筑安全影响很大。将其沉降分为三个部分:侧向变形引起的沉降、侧限条件下产生的沉降及次固结沉降,根据邓肯\|张本构模型建立压缩模量与割线模量间关系,结合广义胡克定律推导式,计算得到侧向变形产生的沉降。分别利用e-p、e-lgp及e-lnp曲线计算土压缩模量,用分层总合法计算侧限条件下的沉降。对泥炭质土进行高压固结蠕变试验,通过邓肯-张模型概念得到割线模量,并对原始五元件流变模型进行非线性改进,再引入修正系数φ_s对原始五元件流变模型及非线性模型进行修正;用修正后的两模型对蠕变试验曲线进行拟合,发现修正原始模型拟合效果极差,修正非线性模型拟合的相关系数都大于0.9,并得到适合描述泥炭质土蠕变的本构方程;最后采用修正后的两模型,结合分层总和法计算次固结沉降。研究结果表明泥炭质土最终沉降计算结果与实际调查结果吻合,验证了计算结果的合理性,也为泥炭质土的沉降计算提供了计算理论及能反映其蠕变特性的本构模型。     

基于偏移追踪的青藏高原卓琼冰川流速监测及成因分析

冰川作为地球系统中重要的组成部分,是全球气候变化的敏感指示器和调节器.冰川运动的遥感监测也是进行冰川研究的重要内容.本文主要采用偏移追踪的方法,利用2003—2010年期间7对雷达单视复数数据监测了青藏高原珠穆朗玛峰地区的卓琼冰川运动情况.经验证,本研究获得的冰川流速结果可靠.卓琼冰川的流向自西向东,流速自冰川末端向上游积累区逐渐增加,流速大小主要来自距离向的贡献.研究结果显示,卓琼冰川在2003—2005年期间流速较大,最大流速达到45 m·a^-1,而在2005—2010年期间流速有所降低,最大流速在35~40 m·a^-1范围内波动;卓琼冰川年际间流速变化基本一致,冰川中部存在流速突变情况,突变幅度为3~7 m·a^-1,但该尺度的突变并不会影响卓琼冰川的总体运动趋势.此外,本文还分析了气象以及地理位置因素对卓琼冰川运动的影响.

     

Middle Triassic post-orogenic extension on Hainan Island: Chronology and geochemistry constraints of bimodal intrusive rocks

This work studies new petrological and geochemical data and zircon U-Pb ages for bimodal intrusive rocks from Xinglong region, Hainan Island. Zircon U-Pb dating yields mean 238 U/ 206 Pb ages of 238 ± 2 Ma and 234 ± 2 Ma for diabasic and granitic phases, respectively, representing the Middle Triassic emplacement. The diabase and granite bodies were formed from discrete mafic and acidic magma sources that experienced local mechanical mixing at their mutual contacts. Although SiO 2 content of intrusions is bimodal, trace element ratios indicate that both were formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting. Sr-Nd isotopic composition reflects a shared EMII type enriched mantle source component, possibly influenced by subduction-fluid metasomatism.     

中国煤炭物探技术的现状与发展

总结了近年来我国煤田物探与矿井物探技术的6大突出进展,即三维地震应用领域不断扩大、地震资料精细处理与动态解释得到推广、地震勘探正在实现从构造勘探向岩性勘探的跨越、地面瞬变电磁技术得到广泛应用、矿井物探技术重新得到重视、以“嵌入式”服务为标志的煤矿安全生产地质保障模式出现了可喜创新等;通过与国内外同类技术发展水平的对比分析,找出了我们存在的差距,提出了加快我国煤炭物探技术发展的对策与建议,并对今后煤炭物探技术与装备的发展前景进行了展望.     

Paleomagnetic data from the Late Carboniferous-Late Permian rocks in eastern Tibet and their implications for tectonic evolution of the northern Qiangtang-Qamdo block

We report paleomagnetic results from the Late Carboniferous-Late Permian strata in eastern Tibet (China), and aim to clarify the tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of the northern Qiangtang-Qamdo block, which is the key to the study of plate boundary between the Gondwanaland and the Eurasia during the late Paleozoic. Two hundred and nineteen samples-including limestone, muddy siltstone, basalt, lava, and tuff-were collected at 24 sites in the Upper Carboniferous and Middle-Upper Permian successions. A systematic study of rock magnetism and paleomagnetism yields three reliable paleomagnetic pole positions. Both hematite and magnetite occurred in the Late Carboniferous limestone samples. The demagnetization curve shows a characteristic double-component, with the remanent magnetization (ChRM) exhibiting a positive polarity (negative inclination). In the Late Permian limestone, tuff, and basalt, magnetic information were recorded primarily in magnetite, although a small fraction of them was found in hematite in basalt. The demagnetization curve illustrates a double or single component, with the ChRM showing a negative polarity (positive inclination), which has passed the classic fold test successfully. The single polarity features of the ChRM directions of the Late Carboniferous and Middle-Late Permian rocks are respectively related to the Kiaman positive and reversed polarities under the stratigraphic coordinates. This, in turn, indicates that both ChRMs directions represent the original remanence directions. By comparison with the previously published paleomagnetic results from the late Paleozoic rocks in the northern Qiangtang Range, we suggest that: (1) Qamdo and northern Qiangtang block were independent of each other during the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian periods. The north Lancangjiang ocean basin between the two blocks may have closed before the Middle Permian and been involved in the continent-continent collision stage in the Late Permian-Early Triassic periods. (2) The northern Qiangtang-Qamdo Block paleogeographically was situated at low to intermediate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere in the Late Carboniferous-Late Permian periods, and began to displace northward in the Early Triassic, with an amount of more than 5000 km northward transport from its current location.     

太湖不同生态型湖区枝角类组成和丰度长期变化的差异性

枝角类作为淡水湖泊生态系统中的初级消费者之一,对生存环境的改变极为敏感.本文分析了太湖西、中和东部等湖区的钻孔沉积物、表层沉积物以及春夏秋季活体枝角类的组成与丰度.结果表明:活体枝角类组成以象鼻溞(Bosmina spp.)为优势种,秋季枝角类属种数量最多.太湖不同生态型湖区表层沉积物枝角类组成均以象鼻溞为优势种,其中西部与中心湖区的枝角类组成与丰度较为相似,种类单一,枝角类绝对丰度高;东部湖区枝角类属种较为丰富,绝对丰度低,优势种由浮游种象鼻溞以及沿岸种圆形盘肠溞(Chydorus sphaericus sl)和西方笔纹溞(Graptoleberis testudinaria)等种属构成.百年以来,太湖枝角类组成与丰度随着营养水平增加而改变,富营养指示种(Bosmina longirostris)丰度的增加与贫营养指示种(Bosmina longispina)丰度的下降,响应了湖区生态环境的演变过程.1970s末期,太湖西部与中心湖区在进入富营养化阶段,枝角类组成单一,象鼻溞占有绝对优势,与东部湖区相比,沿岸种、底栖种稀少.东部湖区在1960s以后,枝角类属种数量增加,但丰度下降,响应了1960s以来该区域营养水平提高、沉水植被生物量增加以及沼泽化加剧的环境过程.     

季冻区土质边坡滑动界面临界深度的试验研究

为研究季节冰冻区土质边坡春融期常发生的浅层滑坡灾害,考虑盐水冰点低于水的冰点这一物理特性,设计了模拟土坡内部冻融界面的试验方法。比较了在不同含水率时,经冻融循环后土质边坡滑动面的临界深度,验证了在冻融界面上土质边坡的破坏形态,根据试验结果拟合了符合本文土样条件的土质边坡滑动面临界深度的损伤模型。分析表明,冻融循环后,随含水率和冻融循环次数的增加,边坡滑动破坏的临界深度值逐渐减小,经对试验数据拟合提出的临界深度随冻融循环损伤模型,可为季节冰冻区的边坡设计提供参考。     

紫色土典型三角形层状剖面入渗模拟

通过室内特制的土壤水分入渗试验装置,分别设置上粗下细和上细下粗两种典型不同质地紫色土三角形层状剖面,探讨典型不规则层次结构的土壤入渗特性。结果显示,同一三角形层状剖面入渗,粗质土半剖面的垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度快于细质土。对于粗质土,上细下粗剖面设置下其半剖面的垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度快于上粗下细,但对于细质土,两种层状剖面设置下其垂直湿润锋随时间推进速度差异不明显。无论上粗下细,还是上细下粗,两种层状剖面对斜面湿润锋变化曲线影响不大。两种层状剖面入渗,湿润锋、入渗速率与时间均呈极显著幂函数关系。建立的紫色土典型三角形层状剖面入渗模型,经验证,模拟值与实测值具有非常好的一致性,且可与经验模型相互转换,模型参数也具有一定的物理意义。