不同生境下祁连圆柏叶片色素和稳定碳同位素组成的变化

测定了祁连山大火烧(相对干旱环境)和吐鲁沟(相对湿润环境)中祁连圆柏(Sabina przewal-skii)幼树和老树叶片5种色素含量以及稳定碳同位素组成和脯氨酸含量等指标.结果显示:在相对干旱的环境下,幼树和老树的叶黄素循环转换率(Z+A)/(V+A+Z)、类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量及稳定碳同位素值都较高,而PsⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及叶绿素含量都较低,且花青素和紫松果黄素含量也较低;在两种不同生境下,除Fv/Fm及叶绿素外,老树的其它指标都显著高于幼树.结果说明色素在干旱胁迫下起重要的光保护作用,其变化是祁连圆柏在长期与环境交互作用过程中形成的一种适应策略.     

资阳地区震旦系古岩溶储层特征及测井评价

位于四川盆地的资阳地区在震旦系灯影组中发现了继威远震旦系气藏之后的又一大型气藏。区内７口钻井揭露的地层显示本区灯影组主要由一套震层状白云岩民,基质岩块具低孔低渗特点,有效的储集空间是由受古岩溶作用产生的溶蚀孔洞和构造作用产徨的裂缝共同构成,溶洞具有数量多,大洞多,发育集中的特点,裂缝具有成因,多期次,多产状的特点,对这套以缝洞型为玉的储层,由常规测井资料计算单一的物性参数（如孔隙度等）的方法难以其     

东昆仑山香日德南部白沙河岩组的岩石组合特征和形成年代的锆石Pb-Pb定年启示

柴达木盆地南缘香日德南部金水口岩群白沙河岩组的岩石组合自下而上为长英质片麻岩-钙质片麻岩 斜长角闪岩-大理岩组合.白沙河岩组和侵入该岩组的变质花岗岩的锆石逐层蒸发Pb-Pb定年结果表明:白沙河岩组的陆源碎屑来自一个具有2.1～1.9 Ga岩浆变质热事件的陆源区,当考虑现有的年龄资料时,该岩组的形成年龄可进一步约束在1.6～1.0 Ga间;柴南缘的晋宁期深成侵入活动可能推前到中元古代末.     

洮河泥沙分布及变化分析

以洮河红旗站1956~2005年水文监测资料为依据,通过对泥沙分布特征、年内年际变化规律和水沙匹配情况进行分析,得出洮河泥沙具有含量高、输沙总量大、产沙的区域性、年际的波动性、年内的不均匀性和时间的集中性六大特点。     

西藏南木林普洛岗岩体锆石定年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对冈底斯中段南木林县普洛岗乡花岗岩岩体进行了原位锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析。2个花岗岩样品加权平均年龄分别为(44.3±1.1)和(44.5±1.1) Ma,代表该岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为始新世。岩石地球化学资料显示,花岗岩SiO₂质量分数为60.53％~65.28%,K₂O+Na₂O质量分数为6.53％~7.98%,Al₂O₃质量分数为15.52％~16.13%,铝饱和指数为0.86~0.91,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类。花岗岩轻稀土元素相对较富集,具有明显的Eu负异常,微量元素中亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和富集Rb、Th、U、Pb。锆石Hf同位素初始比值ε_Hf(t)值为8.8~11.1,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf 为0.282 994~0.283 060,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为422~557 Ma,反映了其岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。普洛岗乡花岗岩的形成与新特提斯洋向北俯冲、俯冲板片折返断离有关。     

The effects of soil sand contents on characteristics of humic acids along soil profiles

It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E₄/E₆ ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches.     

陆面露水资源开发利用技术初探

简要归纳了陆面露水资源独特的生态和气候效应,分析了开发利用陆面露水资源的理论依据,并重点从局地气候条件的选择和陆水凝结面的改进2个方面讨论了陆面露水资源开发利用的科学思路和技术措施。     

厚油层内部夹层特征及在剩余油挖潜中的应用

以岩芯、测井、分析化验和生产动态等资料为基础,通过静态和动态研究相结合的方法,对东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组厚油层内部夹层类型、成因和展布特征,对剩余油的控制作用及其在挖潜中的应用进行了研究。结果表明：东濮凹陷厚油层的夹层类型主要有泥质、物性和钙质夹层三类,以泥质夹层为主,前两者属沉积成因,而钙质类层主要属成岩成因。从厚油层内部夹层的空间分布特征来看,可将其分为层状连续分布夹层、片状不稳定分布夹层和不规则冲刷一充填夹层3种。统计结果表明：横向延展非常稳定且井间对比性较强的夹层数量约占30％,而横向延展稳定性较差且连片程度不高,具空间随机性分布特征的夹层数量约占70％。夹层空间分布特征与注采配置方式共同控制了厚油层内部的不同剩余油分布模式,对夹层的深入研究有效提高了对厚油层内部剩余油的认识精度。从不同空间分布夹层所控制的剩余油分布特征出发,采用水平井、井网整体调整、补孔等方法和措施可获得较好的挖潜效果。     

黑海西北部冷泉碳酸盐岩的沉积岩石学特征及氧化还原条件的稀土元素地球化学示踪

黑海西北部罗马尼亚大陆架(水深120m)和乌克兰陆坡(水深190m)发育冷泉碳酸盐岩结壳。XRD测试表明此结壳主要由高镁方解石和文石组成。结壳中与渗漏系统微生物活动有关的凝块和葡萄状文石等特殊的沉积组构非常发育。冷泉碳酸盐岩酸可溶部分(碳酸盐岩相矿物)的稀土元素含量很低(0.068×10-6~2.817×10-6),稀土元素页岩标准化配分模式显示罗马尼亚大陆架冷泉碳酸盐岩具有明显的Ce负异常,乌克兰陆坡冷泉碳酸盐岩具Ce的正异常,表明它们是分别在氧化和还原环境中沉积的。稀土元素和V、Cd和U等微量元素的含量在泥晶中最高,亮晶中最低,可能反映成岩过程对元素含量有控制作用。     

Pretreatment of high strength waste emulsions by combined vibratory shear enhanced process with Fenton oxidation

Pretreatment of waste emulsions with high organic content by a combined process of vibratory shear enhanced process and Fenton’s oxidation prior to biological treatment was investigated. Vibrating membrane had shown good performance in chemical oxygen demand and oil removals and the mitigation of concentration polarization. However, the permeate after filtration processing still contained high content of organics. Thus, additional Fenton oxidation was applied to reduce the organic loading, and improve the biodegradability of the wastewater. The optimal molar ratio of ferrous iron to hydrogen peroxide was 0.05 obtained from the jar-test experiments. Removal of organics was enhanced by increasing hydrogen peroxide dosage, while efficiency of hydrogen peroxide reached maximum of 1.11(w/w) at the hydrogen peroxide dosage of 6.8 g/L. Furthermore, the biological experiments indicated that the high concentration of organics could inhibit microbial activity, which decreased the chemical oxygen demand degradation rates. The adaptive period of the microbe was greatly shortened using Fenton’s reagent at the low dosages. The improvement of the biodegradability could be explained by partial mineralization and chemical transformation of parent organic compounds after Fenton oxidation.