基于小波变换的遥感影像压缩编码

基于小波变换的图像压缩方法能在高压缩比的前提下保持好的重建图像质量,它的多分辨率特性与人类视觉系统非常相近,小波变换的编码技术被广泛地应用于遥感影像的压缩中。介绍了小波理论的相关知识,着重对嵌入零树小波、等级树分割、小波数据的形态学表示算法等方法进行了详细的论述,并对图像编码技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

湖北蕲春花岗岩类锆石SHRIMP年龄：大别山造山带内弱变质—未变质晋宁期花岗岩类的发现

蕲春花岗质杂岩体包括斑状二长花岗岩和花岗岩两部分,它们之间在化学性质上存在着很大的差异,前者表现为高Al 2O3(15.73%)、相对高CaO(2.46%)、Na2O含量明显高于K2O(Na2O/K2O=1.27),尤以强烈亏损重稀土元素和极强的轻、重稀土元素分馏程度[(La/Yb)N=46.8]为特征而类似于太古宙高Al2O3的TTG岩石.而后者则以较低的Al2O3含量(14.05%)、贫CaO(0.82%)、K2O含量明显高于Na2O(Na2O/K2O=0.81)为特征,轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度[(La/Yb)N=10.89]也较片麻状二长花岗岩中弱得多.两类岩石中锆石的U-PbSHRIMP年龄分别为824.6±17.6 Ma和784±20 Ma,该时代与大别山造山带内花岗片麻岩的原岩形成年龄类似.大别山造山带内弱变质-未变质晋宁期花岗岩的出现表明扬子板块印支期向北俯冲时,该花岗质杂岩处于俯冲板片的后缘,可代表造山带内扬子基底的原地露头.而岩体周围的高压变质杂岩应是折返上来的无根构造岩片,大别山造山带内高压超高压变质杂岩的出露不是整体性抬升剥蚀的结果.     

中国中央造山带内两个超高压变质带关系

中国中央造山带内至少发育两个超高压变质带,一个是南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,超高压峰期变质年龄为早古生代(500～400 Ma),代表扬子与中朝克拉通间的深俯冲和碰撞带;另一个是研究程度较高的大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带,峰期变质年龄主体是三叠纪(250～220 Ma),代表扬子克拉通内部的陆内大陆深俯冲和碰撞带。对东秦岭看丰沟及香坊沟的变质岩片详细岩石学和构造学研究以及先期造山带尺度的构造、岩石和年代学研究资料分析证明,南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,向东不能与大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的任一部分相连,包括南大别和西北大别超高压及高压变质岩石。相反,大别-苏鲁超高压及高压变质带,向西经桐柏山,横过南襄盆地延伸到南秦岭的西峡及商南一带。仅在东秦岭-大别山范围内,两个超高压变质带分别位于南丹断裂系南北两侧,沿造山带近平行延展,之间被一系列以断裂或剪切带为边界的岩石构造岩片相隔,不能构成横贯中国中部统一的巨型超高压变质带。任何有关中国中央造山带构造格架及构造演化模型的建立,均应考虑其内部发育两个时代和功能不同的超高压变质带。     

新疆北部中二叠统烃源岩地球化学特征与沉积环境

首次对新疆北部准噶尔、吐哈及伊犁盆地中二叠统碳酸盐岩类、泥岩类烃源岩的微量元素、稀土元素和有机地球化学丰度进行了系统分析 ,其主要特征是微量元素含量与同类岩石的克拉克值相比 ,有的较高 ,有的偏低 ;轻稀土富集程度较高 ,重稀土相对较低 ,Ce/ Ce*具有较明显的正异常 ,反映出烃源岩沉积环境总体为还原环境。有机地球化学分析证实 ,烃源岩中微量元素含量对沉积水体中生物的分布有一定的影响 ,部分微量元素丰度与有机质含量呈明显的正相关关系。还原程度强的沉积相带是原始有机质沉积的良好场所 ,沉积有机质能及时沉积、保存 ,烃源岩大多有机质丰度高 ;反之 ,则明显变差     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩生烃性能与中部长庆气田气源成因研究

用激光 -荧光显微镜等有机岩石学方法 ,挑选样品中有明显生、排烃现象的碳酸盐岩 ,再以测定的这类碳酸盐岩的有机碳含量为依据 ,确定本区高成熟碳酸盐气源岩残余有机碳的下限指标用 0 .13%～ 0 .14 %比较合理。根据碳酸盐岩储层孔隙中充填沥青和皮膜状残余沥青的分布和含量 ,论证了陕参 1井等奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层在地质历史中 ,存在若干油气有效储层。采用连续升温 ,步进取样的热模拟实验方法 ,揭示了本区煤与碳酸盐岩干酪根随热演化作用增强 ,烃类气体产物的干燥系数增大 ,δ1 3C1 、δ1 3C2 明显变重的规律 ,并根据样品实验结果推算 ,本区石炭系—二叠系煤最大生气阶段的δ1 3C1 应为 - 2 7‰～ - 2 8‰ ,碳酸盐岩最大生气阶段的δ1 3C1 应为- 31.7‰～ - 33‰。在气源成因判识中 ,根据主生气期阶段对天然气成藏储聚的贡献最大、甲烷碳同位素较重以及长庆气田风化壳气藏天然气δ1 3C1 重值区并不与石炭系—二叠系煤的镜质组反射率高值区匹配的现象等进行气源判识 ,认为长庆奥陶系风化壳气藏 ,具有下古生界海相碳酸盐岩气与上古生界石炭系—二叠系煤成气的混源成因     

黔西南下——中三叠统界线年龄

下—中三叠统界线年龄的精确测定是进行区域地层年表和国际地层委员会全球标准年表研究中重要的组成部分。中国贵州望谟甘河桥剖面下—中三叠统地层为奥仑尼克阶—安尼阶界线层型的理想候选剖面 ,其临界层位的玻屑凝灰岩为下—中三叠统界线的岩性标志。应用高精度高灵敏度的二次离子探针质谱对玻屑凝灰岩中的锆石进行 U- Pb年代学分析 ,结果为 2 39.0± 2 .9Ma(2σ)。这是首次直接从界线层位准确测定的下—中三叠统界线的锆石 U - Pb同位素年龄。中国贵州望谟甘河桥剖面下—中三叠统界线剖面地层连续 ,牙形石分带清楚 ,临界层位发育区域上分布较为稳定的玻屑凝灰岩 ,是极好的区域等时标志层。这一剖面有望成为国际下—中三叠统界线层型剖面。     

Simulation of oasis breeze circulation in the arid region of the Northwestern China

In this paper, the process of oasis-desert circulation (ODC) is simulated by MM5V3.5 model through designing an ideal oasis-desert scheme and assuming that initial atmosphere is at rest (V = 0). The findings showed that the key of forming special oasis boundary structure is the difference of energy and water between oasis and desert. The evaporation of oasis surface consumes heat energy, and the low temperature of oasis causes an oasis breeze circulation (OBC), which drives an ODC with a downdraft over the oasis and an updraft over the desert. Later, the cold, dry and stable boundary over oasis is gradually formed, on the contrary,the atmospheric boundary over desert on the edge of oasis is hot, humid and unstable and its height is about 600 hPa. The updraft over the desert forms a wet ring that acts as a vertical wall weakening the low-level moisture exchange between the oasis and desert. The downdraft of OBC increases the atmospheric stability that reduces the oasis evaporation. The low-level outflow from the oasis (into the desert) prevents the dry, hot air flowing from the desert into the oasis.Thus an oasis self-preservation mechanism may be formed due to OBC. The horizontal area influenced by oasis is twice as oasis area and the vertical range is four times as oasis. The ODC is strong in the daytime and reaches the strongest at 17:00, and the influenced area is the largest at 20:00.     

Study of charge structure and radiation characteristic of intracloud discharge in thunderstorms of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The comprehensive observations on lightning discharges were conducted in Naqu area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer of 2002. The electric structures of thunderstorms and the characteristics of lightning discharges at initial stage were analyzed by using the observation data. The results show that most of intracloud (IC) lightning flashes were polarities inverted in thunderstorms with tripole electric charge structure and occurred between negative charge region located in the middle of the thunderstorm and positive charge region located at the bottom of the thunderstorm. The radiation characteristics of discharge processes in cloud with longer lasting time involved in Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning flashes were similar to that of IC discharges.A lot of radiation pulses were produced in these discharge processes. Because the IC discharges took place at the bottom of thundercloud and were near the ground, they may produce more serious damage to equipment on the ground therefore should not be neglected in lightning protection.     

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.     

The algorithm of decomposing superim-posed 2-D Poisson processes and its applica-tion to the extracting earthquake clustering pattern

IntroductionClusteringearthquakesareusuallyconsideredasomensofstrongearthquakesorasignaloftectonicmovement.Thus,theyarenotonlyoneoftheprimaryevidencestopredictearthquakesbutalsoasignificantindicatortorecognizetectonicmovement(MEI,etal,1993;EarthquakePre-dictionandPreventionDepartmentofChinaSeismologicalBureau,1998).Ongeneralconditions,webelievethatclusteringearthquakesexistrelativelytobackgroundearthquakes,howtoeffectivelyseparateonefromtheotherbecomesthekeypointofextractingtheclusteringea…