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151.
Physically based modeling approach has been widely developed in recent years for simulation of dam failure process resulting
from overtopping flow. Due to the lack of field data, there exist few applications to natural quake dams with complex erosion
mechanisms. This paper presents a physically based simulation of the failure process of the Tangjiashan Quake Dam formed as
a result of the “May 12, 2008” Wenchuan earthquake in China. The one-dimensional model adopted features as cost saving but
enables capturing the main characteristics of the failure process, where selective sediment transport and gravitational slope
collapse are accounted for. The simulated flow hydrograph and breach progression process are generally in good agreement with
the observed data. Unsteadiness and non-uniformity are found to be substantial characteristics of breach progression during
the failure process of natural quake dams. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Manning resistance coefficient and the erodibility
coefficient in Osman and Thorne’s (J Hydraul Eng 114(2):134–150, 1988) model significantly influences the flow peak discharge but has less influence on its occurrence time, while the velocity
lag coefficient associated with bed-load transport may affect the two breaching parameters substantially. 相似文献
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153.
青藏铁路穿越多年冻土区因地温和含冰量的不同而采取了不同的路基结构形式,以减小或避免气温和工程扰动对其下部多年冻土的影响。为了把握多年列车振动荷载作用下多年冻土区不同结构路基的动力响应特征,对青藏铁路北麓河段典型结构路基进行了实时强震动测试,得到了多年冻土区铁路路基的振动加速度衰减规律,对于研究机车动荷载对青藏铁路多年冻土区路基变形的定量影响规律,保障青藏铁路安全运营具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
154.
Jennifer DUAN 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(4):471-486,523
Three-dimensional turbulent flow field was measured around an experimental spur dike by using a micro-acoustic Doppler velocimeter.Time fractions of turbulent burst events including outward interaction,ejection,inward interaction,and sweep were analyzed in each quadrant at the neighbor of the dike before and after the formation of scour hole.Over 80%of burst events near the bed have lower-order of magnitudes for both flat and scoured bed surfaces.Ejections and sweeps are prevalent before the local scour was initiated,and then outward interactions are dominant after the scour hole was formed.Conditional Reynolds stresses and high-order moments of turbulent velocities were analyzed along the thalweg.The magnitudes of u’-w’ pair were much larger than those of v’-vv’ pair in the scour zone.Among four burst events,ejections and sweeps are the higher order events contributing to the Reynolds stresses.Since sediment entrainment and transport are closely associated with turbulent bursts near bed,the development of scour hole greatly depends on the higher order event near the bed. 相似文献
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Guanglai LI Renmin HUA Wenlan ZHANG Dongquan HU Xinglin WEI Xiao'e HUANG Lei XIE Junming YAO Xudong WANG 《Resource Geology》2011,61(4):356-366
The Tieshanlong tungsten‐polymetallic deposit is a large wolframite deposit of quartz vein type located in southern Jiangxi, South China. It is genetically related to a high‐K S‐type granite. Seven pyrite and two wolframite samples, selected for He and Ar isotope analyses, yielded 3He/4He values of 0.04–0.98 Ra, 40Ar/36Ar ratios of 293.5–368.0, and 38Ar/36Ar ratios of 0.176–0.193. These data indicate that the ore‐forming fluids associated with the deposit did not result from a simple mixing of the crustal‐ and mantle‐derived end‐member fluids, but that primeval meteoric fluids were also involved in the generation of the associated granitic magma by partial melting of crustal metasedimentary rocks. Further investigations show that only minimal He from the mantle was added during generation of the associated granitic magma. It is postulated that boiling and second mixing with “new” meteoric fluids took place during migration of magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids into wall‐rock fractures, resulting in a drastic decrease of their metal transport capacity, which triggered the tungsten‐polymetallic mineralization. 相似文献
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反演大气垂直速度和雨滴谱分布是研究云降水机制和云微物理信息的重要内容,对人工预报天气、干预天气都有重要意义。针对2021年8月29日安徽省内毫米波雷达探测到的一次对流云降水过程,处理毫米波雷达的功率谱数据并进行大气垂直速度和雨滴谱反演。在小粒子示踪法的基础上引入改进小粒子示踪法:选取有效云信号段中最小功率对应的谱点作为反演大气垂直速度的示踪物。首先,根据改进前后的小粒子示踪法分别从功率谱数据中反演大气垂直速度,并跟基数据反演大气速度的结果展开对比分析。进一步得到粒子在静止空气中的下落速度,根据现有粒子下落速度-粒子直径之间的经验公式计算反演粒子直径。研究表明:(1) 采用改进后的小粒子示踪法反演大气垂直速度得到的结果比小粒子示踪法得到的结果更精确,在云层内部两者误差较大;(2) 进一步得到粒子下落速度,结合探测时段的天气状况,得到的粒子速度与大气速度可很好地契合,跟对流云天气情况信息大致吻合;(3) 粒子浓度是反演雨滴谱分布时需要注意的主要参数,云在快速发展过程中,内部粒子持续朝外部扩张,云内部的粒子浓度较小,云边界的粒子浓度反而较大。 相似文献
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160.