A hierarchical model for estimating methane emission from wetlands using MODIS data and ARIMA modeling

A three-step hierarchical Semi Automated Empirical Methane Emission Model (SEMEM) has been used to estimate methane emission from wetlands and waterlogged areas in India using Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor data onboard Terra satellite. Wetland Surface Temperature (WST), methane emission fluxes and wetland extent have been incorporated as parameters in order to model the methane emission. Analysis of monthly MODIS data covering the whole of India from November 2004 to April 2006 was carried out and monthly methane emissions have been estimated. Interpolation techniques were adopted to fill the data gaps due to cloudy conditions during the monsoon period. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model has been fitted to estimate the emitted methane for the months of May 2006 to August 2006 using SPSS software.     

无锡市七城区基础控制网整合研究

城市控制网由于分区建设,各区所依据的起算点不一致,使得控制网之间存在缝隙,影响了全市基础地理资料的完整性.结合无锡市七城区存在四个控制网的情形,提出以D级GPs网作框架,采用坐标转换方法实现七城区坐标系统统一的城市基础控制网整合方案,并应用于无锡市七城区控制网整合改造,解决了七城区四个控制网存在的割裂状况,实现了全市七城区坐标系统的统一,为我国其他城市控制网的改造整合提供了有益借鉴.     

DLG数据转换方法研究

阐述DLC数据的获取方法、转换过程中存在的问题及解决方法;重点介绍自定义格式DLG向大的软件平台转换和DLG到GIS数据转换的方法,利用面向对象方法实现DLG到GIS的数据转换.     

上海光源准直测量工作的组织实施

根据上海光源工程亚毫米量级的准直精度及严格的安装进度要求,在准直测量过程中,将工程仟务进行分解,制订CPM汁划,对使用到的各种仪器进行合理分配,充分发挥仪器的性能特点,并对参与的相关人员进行合理组织,以保证获得优化的效率,保证了工程的进度和质量.     

基于CorelDRAW和GIS软件的等高线地形图制作——以翠华山地形图为例

CorelDRAW是一款非专业的地图制作软件.但由于它的功能较多、图形处理功能强大,往往能够制作出其他专业地图制作软件无法达到的地图效果,而GIS软件在地图绘制等方面存在优势.以CorelDRAW和GIS软件制作等高线地形图为例,说明在一些特殊的情况下,将两类软件结合,不仅可以制作出精美的地图,更可以节约大量的时间,从而取得事半功倍的效果.     

基于GIS技术的耕地坡度分级方法

分析传统耕地坡度分级方法的缺陷,提出利用GIS技术的耕地坡度分级新方法。以枝江市董市镇为例实证,研究制定定量融合指标和工作流程,不仅有效地控制了耕地图斑的数量,而且确保利用耕地坡度分级数据统计汇总的各耕地坡度级面积数据与真实值基本一致,提高了汇总面积数据的精度。     

An approach to aid INS using time-differenced GPS carrier phase (TDCP) measurements

This paper presents a simple and effective approach that incorporates single-frequency, L1 time-differenced GPS carrier phase (TDCP) measurements without the need of ambiguity resolution techniques and the complexity to accommodate the delayed-state terms. Static trial results are included to illustrate the stochastic characteristics and effectiveness of the TDCP measurements in controlling position error growth. The formulation of the TDCP observation model is also described in a 17-state tightly-coupled GPS/INS iterative, extended Kalman filter (IEKF) approach. Preliminary land vehicle trial results are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the TDCP which provides sub-meter positional accuracies when operating for more than 10 min.     

Urban cadastral mapping using very high resolution remote sensing data

With growing urban expanses, one of the pre-requisites for effective governance is Urban Information Systems (UIS) with content down to individual properties (and individuals). The basic input i.e., a map, in UIS should show individual property boundaries showing the plan outline of all structures existing within, at a scale of 1:1000 and larger with sub-metre to centimeters planimetric and geometric accuracy. With very high resolution remote sensing data of the order of 1m available in hand, it is possible to prepare maps with high resolution spatial content. The present exercise demonstrates a method of preparing a geometrically and planimetrically accurate urban cadastral map on very large scale for a small area of about 5 sq km. IKONOS merged data with 1m resolution is used for the purpose. Mapping was done in conjunction with on-site measurements and sketches. Guides are used to maintain shape symmetry and accuracy of buildings and other features. Working out cost of mapping per unit area is another objective in the present exercise. For want of fully or semi-automatic methods of information extraction from very high resolution remote sensing data, it is imperative that mapping should be carried out in conjunction with some on-site measurements wherever necessary.     

Use of laser range and height texture cues for building identification

Airborne LiDAR has found application in an increasing number of mapping and Geo-data acquisition tasks. Apart from terrain information generation, applications such as automatic detection and modeling of objects like buildings or vegetation for the generation of 3-D city models have been explored. Besides the height itself, height texture defined by local variations of the height is a significant parameter for object recognition. The paper explores the potential of the analysis of height texture as a cue for the automatic detection of objects in LiDAR datasets. A number of texture measures were computed. Based on their definition and computation these measures were used as bands in a classification algorithm, and objects like buildings, single trees, and roads could be recognized.