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541.
542.
Carbonate-related parameters of subsurface waters in the West Philippine, South China and Sulu Seas 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Like most other deep basins in Southeast Asia, the deep Sulu Sea (SS) basin is isolated from the neighboring seas by surrounding topography. While the near-surface circulation is mainly governed by the seasonally reversing monsoon winds, below the warm and fresh surface layer, the core of the incoming Subtropical Lower Water from the West Philippine Sea (WPS), by way of the South China Sea (SCS), can be seen, at a depth of around 200 m, to have a distinct salinity maximum. It lies well above the sill depth (420 m) in the Mindoro Strait and thus, its spreading is not hampered by topography. The deep circulation is forced by an inflow of upper North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) from the SCS through the Mindoro Str. Below 1000 m, the physico-chemical properties are remarkably homogeneous. The higher temperature, but lower salinity, oxygen and nutrients, of the deep SS waters, compared to those of the SCS, is indicative of the intrusion of NPIW above the sill depth. The excess, anthropogenic CO2 penetrates the entire water column, because of the over-spill of the excess CO2-laden water from the SCS.It has been reported that the bottom of the SS is CaCO3 rich, relative to the SCS. Previous investigators attribute this to the higher θ in the SS. Indeed, the aragonite does not become undersaturated in the SS until below 1400 m, compared to 600 m in both the WPS and SCS; and the calcite does not become undersaturated until below 3800 m in the SS, compared to 2500 m in the SCS and around 1600 m in the WPS. However, the temperature effect is relatively small. These large differences are, in fact, largely a result of higher CO32− concentrations in the SS, relative to the WPS and SCS. The higher CO32− concentration in the SS, in turn, is mainly caused by the smaller amounts of organic carbon decomposition. 相似文献
543.
544.
Soo Woon Kim Sam Moon Kim Dong Kun Lee Hyo Bang Moon Hee Gu Choi Chang Keun Kang Eun Sang Choe 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(2):129-134
Increasing industrial development in the Masan Bay area of Korea over the past decades increased the risk for the survival
of marine organisms in the bay area by the deterioration of the water quality. Since living organisms have the ability to
adapt contamination-associated stimuli by the alteration of gene expression, changes in proteins can be used as an important
criterion for assessing the levels of environmental conditions. In this study, therefore, alterations of the expression of
proteins in the muscle ofLimanda yokohamae from Dukdong and Dotsum in the bay area were surveyed and characterized as compared with Haegumgang, which served as a control
site. The results demonstrated that the twenty spots detected from Dukdong and Dotsum were similar to each other. Fifteen
proteins were found to be predicted or undefined proteins, while five proteins were identified as heavy polypeptide 11 of
myosin, apolipoprotein A-I, fibroblast growth factor 17b precursor, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 b and bonnie and clyde.
These data suggest that local fish in the bay area have dysfunction in muscle physiology including contraction, lipid metabolism,
proliferation and differentiation and nervous system. 相似文献
545.
Detecting areal changes in tidal flats after sea dike construction using Landsat-TM images 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moon Seong Kang Sang June Im Tae Il Jang Seung Woo Park Sang Min Kim 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(6):561-573
The main objective of this study was to estimate changes in the area of tidal flats that occurred after sea dike construction
on the western coast of South Korea using Landsat-TM images. Applying the ISODATA method of unsupervised classification for
Landsat-TM images, the tidal flats were identified, and the resulting areas were quantified for each image. The area of tidal
flats from a topographic map published in one year differs significantly from that shown in another, which appears to be attributable
to the tide levels at the time of aerial photography. During the study period, the area of tidal flats, as estimated from
Landsat-TM images, increased by 4.57 km2 per year in the study areas. The tidal flats in the inner sea of Chunsu Harbor area increased by 200 m2 per zone, while the accumulation for a number of inner sea areas within Asan Harbor area occurred at over 50m2 per zone. The results of this research may serve as the basis of an environmentallyfriendly development plan for tidal flats. 相似文献
546.
应用煤化工资源指标体系和评价方法,在查明煤化工资源地质背景和资源特性的基础上,研究了六盘水煤田盘北-水城矿区煤化工资源的类别、规模、赋存和分布,探讨了化工煤研究区赋存分布的地质成因,提出以资源为主要依据的煤化工产业布局规划建议.研究区化工煤查明储量42.74×108t,占其煤炭查明储量的62%,化工煤资源中,液化煤1.31×10gt,焦化煤17.45×108t,合成氨煤0.019×108t,气化煤23.96×108t.气化煤和焦化煤是区内化工煤资源的主要类型. 相似文献
547.
This paper presents an active control algorithm using the probability density function of structural energy. It is assumed that structural energy under excitation has a Rayleigh probability distribution. This assumption is based on the fact that the Rayleigh distribution satisfies the condition that the structural energy is always positive and the occurrence probability of minimum energy is zero. The magnitude of the control force is determined by the probability that the structural energy exceeds the specified target critical energy, and the sign of the control force is determined by the Lyapunov controller design method. The proposed control algorithm shows much reduction of peak responses under seismic excitation compared with the LQR controller, and it can consider the control force limit in the controller design. Also, the chattering problem which sometimes occurs in the Lyapunov controller can be avoided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
548.
LI Jie LIU Shuhu LIU Heping Johnny CHAN Andrew Y. S CHENG HU Fei LIU Huizhi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(4):448-464
Mainly.three methods have been developed to calculate turbulence heat flux.They are eddy covariance method,Bowen ratio/energy balance method and aerodynamic method.In this paper, all the three methods have been used to calculate sensible heat flux,latent heat flux and imbalance energy near the surface with the experiment data of EBEX-2000.Then comparisons of the three methods and some possible explanations of the surface imbalance energy are given. 相似文献
549.
采取井下钻孔预注浆方式确保巷道安全通过大型导(含)水断层 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
断 层 水害 的发 生 往往 对煤 矿 造成 的损 失 巨大 ,甚 至会 造成 淹 井事 故的 发 生。 但矿 井 一些 运输 巷 、通 风 巷 又必须 穿 越 这些 大 型 导 含水 断 层 。 采取 井 下 钻 孔预 注 浆 的 方式 、选 用单 液 浆 加 入少 量 速 凝 剂的 方 法 ,对 断 层 进行 超 前 止水 、加 固处 理 是十 分可 行 和必 要的 。 相似文献
550.
Sang Hoon CHOI 《Resource Geology》1998,48(3):171-182
Abstract: The Daejang mine is located within the Cretaceous Gyeongsang basin. Mineral paragenesis can be divided into four stages (stages I, II, III and IV) by major tectonic fracturing. Stages I, III and IV are economically barren. Stage II, at which the precipitation of major ore minerals occurred, is further divided into three substages with paragenetic time based on minor fractures and discernible mineral assemblages: substage IIa, marked by deposition of quartz and Fe–sulfides; substage IIb, by introduction of base-metal sulfides within carbonates and some quartz; substage IIc, by quartz and carbonates with various sulfosalts. Fluid inclusion data indicate a complex geochemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Both CO2–rich and H2O–rich fluids were trapped in fluid inclusions at stage I and substage IIa. It is suggested that a compositionally heterogeneous fluid was formed by fluid boiling and CO2 immiscibility at temperatures of about 400° to 300°C. Composite lodes of base-metal sul–fides, carbonates and quartz at substage IIb were deposited in open spaces created by fracturing. The fracturing event prompted rapid decreases in pressure and temperature of residual fluids and resulted in retrograde fluid boiling at about 200 bars and 300°–250°C during substage IIb. The progressive loss of CO2 by CO2 effervescence and retrograde boiling from substage IIa and IIb fluids resulted in pH increase and related increase in carbonate activity, causing deposition of abundant carbonates. The change in pH also caused the decrease of stability of hydrogen sulfide with Cu, Zn and Pb chloride complexes (as main transporting agents at Daejang) and resulted in the pricipitation of base-metal minerals. Deposition of Ag– and Sb-bearing sul–fides and sulfosalts of substage IIc occurred at temperatures of about 250° to 150°C from a dominantly aqueous fluid with low salinity (down to 3. 0 equiv. wt % NaCl). At this substage, aqueous fluid formed by mixing with cooler and less saline meteoric groundwater. There is a systematic decrease in caculated δ18Owater values with the mineralization stage (and decreasing temperature) in the Daejang hydrothermal system, from values of about 11% for stage I, through about 4% for stages II and III, to about –3 per mil for stage IV. The result of stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies are interpreted to indicate progressive less evolved and/or unexchanged meteoric water influx of an early hydrothermal system formed by highly evolved meteoric waters. 相似文献