A STUDY ON THE DIRECT INTERPRETATION OF RESISTIVITY SOUNDING DATA MEASURED BY WENNER ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION*

This paper describes certain procedures for deriving from the apparent resistivity data as measured by the Wenner electrode configuration two functions, known as the kernel and the associated kernel respectively, both of which are functions dependent on the layer resistivities and thicknesses. It is shown that the solution of the integral equation for the Wenner electrode configuration leads directly to the associated kernel, from which an integral expression expressing the kernel explicitly in terms of the apparent resistivity function can be derived. The kernel is related to the associated kernel by a simple functional equation where K₁(λ) is the kernel and B₁(λ) the associated kernel. Composite numerical quadrature formulas and also integration formulas based on partial approximation of the integrand by a parabolic arc within a small interval are developed for the calculation of the kernel and the associated kernel from apparent resistivity data. Both techniques of integration require knowledge of the values of the apparent resistivity function at points lying between the input data points. It is shown that such unknown values of the apparent resistivity function can satisfactorily be obtained by interpolation using the least-squares method. The least-squares method involves the approximation of the observed set of apparent resistivity data by orthogonal polynomials generated by Forsythe's method (Forsythe 1956). Values of the kernel and of the associated kernel obtained by numerical integration compare favourably with the corresponding theoretical values of these functions.     

安徽省淮北地区矽卡岩型矿床成矿系列及成矿规律

淮北地区是皖北重要的铁铜成矿区,为系统总结该区矽卡岩型矿床成矿系列及成矿规律,基于近年来在该地区取得的找矿成果,通过系统研究已知矿床地质特征和成矿地质条件,结合成岩、成矿年代学特征,认为该区有3个成矿系列: 与高钾钙碱性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁铜金成矿系列、与高钾钙碱性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁-石膏成矿系列和与二长花岗岩有关的矽卡岩型铁-轻稀土成矿系列。分别论述了该区4个典型矿床的地质特征及成矿规律,认为该区为两阶段成矿,成矿空间受深断裂、弧形构造和岩浆岩带的共同控制。最终建立了该区早白垩世早期“前常式”、“杨桥孜式”和“王场式”铁多金属矿床和早白垩世晚期“旗杆楼式”铁-轻稀土矿床的区域成矿模式。     

Post-subduction margin structures along Boyd Strait, Antarctic Peninsula

The Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula to the southwest of the Hero Fracture Zone (HFZ) is a former subducting margin which became inactive following the arrival of ridge crest segments of the Antarctic–Phoenix ridge at the margin during the Tertiary. In contrast, the part of the margin to the northeast of the HFZ remains active. Tertiary convergence was approximately perpendicular to the margin and ongoing motion is thought to have the same orientation. A new seismic reflection profile running along Boyd Strait, just northeast of the landward projection of the HFZ, shows major structural components similar to those typically observed along the margin to the southwest of the HFZ. In order of increasing proximity to the margin, these components are: the inner shelf, the shelf basin, the mid-shelf basement high (MSBH), and the outer shelf. The continuation of the post-subduction margin structures to the active margin suggests that the boundary between crust with passive and active margins characteristics is not sharply defined. Our postulated scenario for tectonic evolution along Boyd Strait is that: (1) before the arrival of the last ridge crest segment to the southwest of the HFZ, the inner shelf and the shelf basin were part of a Cretaceous–Tertiary arc and forearc area, (2) after the arrival, thermal effects resulting from interaction of the ridge crest with the margin just southwest of the HFZ lead to the formation of the MSBH to the northeast, but MSBH uplift in Boyd Strait did not prevent concurrent cross-shelf sediment transport contributing to development of an extensive outer shelf on the seaward flank of the MSBH, (3) Recent extension in Bransfield Strait, a marginal basin to the northeast of the landward projection of the HFZ, has caused about 10 km of seaward deflection in the strike of the part of the MSBH to the northeast of the projection of the HFZ.     

秦岭大别碰撞造山带根部结晶基底隆升的变质岩石学证迹

秦岭大别碰撞造山带中隆升最高的结晶基底便是大别杂岩，在超高压变质岩和某些高级变质岩中均发现典型的近等温减压（ＩＴＤ）型的退变质结构，多呈后成合晶或冠状体的形式取代或包绕原生矿物晶粒（主晶），显示退变质不平衡反应的过程．然而超高压变质岩与大别杂岩中的高级变质岩，变质地温梯度截然不同，暗示它们形成的构造条件极不相同，超高压变质岩早期由岩石圈深处（１２０ｋｍ±）折返到下地壳与那里的高级变质岩构造混合，平行并置，而后才一起隆升．退变质不平衡结构与寄主岩的面理无关，说明这种近等温的减压退变质作用发生于后造山时期近绝热条件下的隆升体制，近绝热隆升的热源可能是中生代以来大别山地区岩石圈减薄所引起     

Key parameters governing the performance of soft tunnel coating for seismic isolation

A method to cover a tunnel lining with a soft and thin coating is discussed herein as a possible measure for mitigating seismic damage to tunnels. Long‐term earthquake observations at different tunnel sites within a variety of alluvial soil deposits have demonstrated that a circular tunnel is liable to deform in such a way that its two diagonal diameters crossing each other expand and contract alternately. Narrowing down vibration modes, in order to discuss this particular and the most important mode, any of the essential items of the soil–tunnel system, namely the soil, the coating and the tunnel lining, has only one degree of freedom, allowing the coating effect to be simply evaluated in terms of a limited number of key parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冀东太平寨麻粒岩中的辉石、角闪石、斜长石的~40Ar－~39Ar年龄及其地质意义

对采自河北省迁西县太平寨ＨＢＴ１麻粒岩中的辉石、角门石、斜长石进行了４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定，并对上述三种矿物做了４０Ｋ－４０Ａｒ同位素封闭温度计算，进而根据封闭温度与年龄的关系，研究了该区麻粒岩体的冷却抬升历史。分别得到辉石坪年龄为２．１６Ｇａ，封闭温度为６２０℃；角闪石坪年龄为１．９７Ｇａ，封闭温度为５１７℃；斜长石坪年龄为１．６６Ｇａ，封闭温度为２６５℃。从２．５Ｇａ（麻粒岩相变质年龄）到２．１６Ｇａ，岩体抬升速率为１４．１ｍ／Ｍａ，冷却速率为０．３９℃／Ｍａ；从２．１６Ｇａ到１．９７Ｇａ岩体抬升速率为１８．５ｍ／Ｍａ，冷却速率为０．５５℃／Ｍａ，从１．９７Ｇａ至１．６６Ｇａ岩体抬升速率为２９．１ｍ／Ｍａ，冷却速率为０．８１℃／Ｍａ。Ａｒ－Ａｒ法给出的这些同位素证据，反映了冀东太古代麻粒岩体变质作用晚期多阶段冷却抬升的漫长历史。     

构建西藏──南亚边境贸易的优势、难点与对策

我国的西藏与南亚同处一个地缘经济板块，两地的经贸往来有着悠久的历史。在当前我国对外开放从沿海向内陆纵深发展的进程中，选择发展符合西藏区情的边境贸易，制定合作谋略，妥善处理西藏与南亚诸国的多边关系，十分有利于西藏的对外开放与经济发展。     

Ar-Ar等时线的局限及Cl-Ar等时线的潜力

矿物中普遍含有数量不等的过剩40Are，它主要赋存在阴离子空缺部位和流体包裹体中。常规Ar-Ar等时线不完全适用于40Ar/39Ar阶段加热数据。矿物和人造硅胶中40Are和Cl的相关性，预示着Cl-Ar等时线对校正40Are具有较大潜力。     

Carbonate-related parameters of subsurface waters in the West Philippine, South China and Sulu Seas

Like most other deep basins in Southeast Asia, the deep Sulu Sea (SS) basin is isolated from the neighboring seas by surrounding topography. While the near-surface circulation is mainly governed by the seasonally reversing monsoon winds, below the warm and fresh surface layer, the core of the incoming Subtropical Lower Water from the West Philippine Sea (WPS), by way of the South China Sea (SCS), can be seen, at a depth of around 200 m, to have a distinct salinity maximum. It lies well above the sill depth (420 m) in the Mindoro Strait and thus, its spreading is not hampered by topography. The deep circulation is forced by an inflow of upper North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) from the SCS through the Mindoro Str. Below 1000 m, the physico-chemical properties are remarkably homogeneous. The higher temperature, but lower salinity, oxygen and nutrients, of the deep SS waters, compared to those of the SCS, is indicative of the intrusion of NPIW above the sill depth. The excess, anthropogenic CO₂ penetrates the entire water column, because of the over-spill of the excess CO₂-laden water from the SCS.It has been reported that the bottom of the SS is CaCO₃ rich, relative to the SCS. Previous investigators attribute this to the higher θ in the SS. Indeed, the aragonite does not become undersaturated in the SS until below 1400 m, compared to 600 m in both the WPS and SCS; and the calcite does not become undersaturated until below 3800 m in the SS, compared to 2500 m in the SCS and around 1600 m in the WPS. However, the temperature effect is relatively small. These large differences are, in fact, largely a result of higher CO₃²⁻ concentrations in the SS, relative to the WPS and SCS. The higher CO₃²⁻ concentration in the SS, in turn, is mainly caused by the smaller amounts of organic carbon decomposition.     

Characterization of proteins in the muscle of<Emphasis Type="Italic">limanda yokohamae</Emphasis> from the masan bay,Korea

Increasing industrial development in the Masan Bay area of Korea over the past decades increased the risk for the survival of marine organisms in the bay area by the deterioration of the water quality. Since living organisms have the ability to adapt contamination-associated stimuli by the alteration of gene expression, changes in proteins can be used as an important criterion for assessing the levels of environmental conditions. In this study, therefore, alterations of the expression of proteins in the muscle ofLimanda yokohamae from Dukdong and Dotsum in the bay area were surveyed and characterized as compared with Haegumgang, which served as a control site. The results demonstrated that the twenty spots detected from Dukdong and Dotsum were similar to each other. Fifteen proteins were found to be predicted or undefined proteins, while five proteins were identified as heavy polypeptide 11 of myosin, apolipoprotein A-I, fibroblast growth factor 17b precursor, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 b and bonnie and clyde. These data suggest that local fish in the bay area have dysfunction in muscle physiology including contraction, lipid metabolism, proliferation and differentiation and nervous system.