Gravitational Waves and Gravitational-wave Sourcestwo

The recent discovery of gravitational-wave burst GW150914 marks the coming of a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy, which provides a new window to study the physics of strong gravitational field, extremely massive stars, extremely high energy processes, and extremely early universe. In this article, we introduce the basic characters of gravitational waves in the Einstein's general relativity, their observational effects and main generation mechanisms, including the rotation of neutron stars, evolution of binary systems, and spontaneous generation in the inflation universe. Different sources produce the gravitational waves at quite different frequencies, which can be detected by different methods. In the lowest frequency range (f < 10^?15 Hz), the detection is mainly dependent of the observation of B-mode polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation. In the middle frequency range (10^?9 < f < 10^?6 Hz), the gravitational waves are detected by analyzing the timing residuals of millisecond pulsars. And in the high frequency range (10 ? 4 < f < 10⁴ Hz), they can be detected by the space-based and ground-based laser interferometers. In particular, we focus on the main features, detection methods, detection status, and the future prospects for several important sources, including the continuous sources (e.g., the spinning neutron stars, and stable binary systems), the burst sources (e.g., the supernovae, and the merge of binary system), and the stochastic backgrounds generated by the astrophysical and cosmological process. In addition, we forecast the potential breakthroughs in gravitational-wave astronomy in the near future, and the Chinese projects which might involve in these discoveries.     

Possible modulated γ-ray emission from the transitional millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1023+0038

We report the results from our analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope(LAT) data for the transitional millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1023+0038. The time period of the data is nearly 9 yr, and that after the source's transition, in June 2013 from the disk-free state to the active state of having an accretion disk, is approximately 4 yr. We identify a high-energy 5.5 GeV component in the source's spectrum in the active state, and find this component is only significantly detected in half of the orbital phase centered at the descending node(when the pulsar is moving towards the Earth). Considering the pulsar scenario proposed for multi-frequency emission from the source, in which the pulsar is still active and a cold-relativistic pulsar wind inverse-Compton scatters the photons from the accretion disk, we discuss the origin of the high-energy component. In order to explain the observed spectrum, a power-law distribution of particles, with an index of ～3, in the pulsar wind is required, while the orbital variations are possibly due to changes in power-law index as a function of orbital phase.     

加强保护特色地质景观—北京延庆辛家栅子硅化木化石群

介绍了北京市延庆县千家店乡辛家栅子村北坡及上德隆湾村南坡发育的硅化木化石群的位置及其产出的地质特征、现存状态, 并提出了采取保护措施的建议     

东太平洋多金属结核的形成年代及生长速率研究

用铀系法、氨基酸法和锶同位素法对取自东太平洋的数个多金属结核进行了年代测定。在参考其他测年数据并综合地质、气候、环境等资料后, 发现东太平洋多金属的形成与南极底层流有密切关系。大多数结核自渐新世后逐渐生成发育, 早中新世、中中新世及晚上新世是结核发育的最有利时期。多金属结核的生长速率为１０－ ６ ｍ ｍ ／ａ 数量级。由于在不同地质时期受到不同的环境因素的影响, 结核的整个生长发育过程呈阶段性与多变性等特征。     

潍坊流速仪检定水槽升级技术改造

介绍了如何将一个设备简陋、技术性能较差、仅允许用于仪器维护部门的三级水槽,成功地改造成国家一级水槽的经验。介绍了潍坊水槽槽体、轨道改造方案及关键技术,重点阐述了流速仪检定车的设计和创新,对车速的准确度和重复性进行了计算分析,并与国内同类水槽的技术性能进行了对比分析。     

辽宁省主要矿山地质灾害及防治对策探讨

辽宁省是全国矿产资源和矿业开发大省,同时也是矿山地质灾害高发省份,矿山生态环境破坏较严重,诱发的矿山地质灾害较为普遍。矿山地质灾害主要分布在辽东抚顺、本溪,辽西南票、北票、阜新及辽北铁法三个地区。脆弱的地质环境条件和矿业开发活动是诱发矿山地质灾害的主要因素。对人为诱发因素,应通过立法和加强管理,制定相应对策加以防治。     

ESR法测定石笋类碳酸盐年代的研究

本文首先用ESR方法和U系法对照测定了石笋-Ⅰ的三个层位和一块钙华板的年代;在此基础上又测定出石笋-Ⅱ的五个层位年代,并亦用U系法对它们进行了验证,均取得一致的结果.考虑到次生碳酸盐形成之后,因U系不平衡,其内年剂量是变化的,故在用α能谱仪分析出U含量和234U/238U之后,再用计算机求其平均内年剂量.本文实验表明,用I=Imax[1-e-α/ImaxAD+Q]来描述ESR信号Ⅰ随辐照剂量Q增长的全过程是合理的.当1/Imax较小时,用简单的直线外推即可得到可信的AD值;而当I/Imax较大时,须对-Ln（1-I/Imax）=α/Imax（AD+Q）作线性拟合才能获得合理的AD值.      

WRM-4型收敛计的研制与现场应用

本文详细介绍 WRM-4型收敛计的测量原理、结构特征、性能指标、误差分析和现场应用效果。     

中国地级城市建成区蓝绿空间时空格局及其气候影响因素分析

蓝绿空间是城市生态安全的重要保障。本文通过谷歌地球引擎（GEE）提取2005、2010、2015与2020年的植被与水体指数数据,构建了包含272个地级城市建成区的蓝绿空间数据库。运用蓝绿空间覆盖率、300 m服务半径覆盖率、分维数与分离度4个指标分析其时空格局与演化模式,并进一步探讨其气候影响因素。结果表明：(1)地级城市建成区蓝绿空间整体呈现为“南高北低”的格局,且南方“西高东低”、北方“东高西低”,但环渤海地区为蓝绿空间覆盖率“洼地”;时间格局为“总体增长、局部降低”,华中地区呈下降趋势的城市最多;(2)就分区而言,西南地区城市建成区蓝绿空间覆盖率最高（平均高于65%）、分离度最低（平均低于0.60）,西北地区覆盖率分异较大,华北地区覆盖率最低（平均10%～30%）且分离度最高（平均约0.98）;(3)采用多尺度地理加权回归模型所得R2为0.85（校正R2为0.83）,其中,降水量对城市建成区蓝绿空间的影响最显著,降水量变化成正相关,气温则成负相关;整体上气候影响与比人为影响相当,但在某些时段间更大。     

中国21kaBP气候模拟的初步试验

本文使用含有陆面过程的９层大气环流谱模式（ＡＧＣＭ＋ＳＳｉＢ）,在地球轨道参数和下垫面边界条件驱动下,对２１ｋａＢＰ的气候进行模拟试验。结果表明,２１ｋａＢＰ时中国东部干旱,西部和青藏高原湿润,全国普遍降温。该模拟结果基本捕捉了由古湖泊资料和孢粉资料重建的气候特征。对模式输出的大气环流场和降水场的分析揭示出,２１ｋａＢＰ东亚夏季风环流明显减弱,而青高原夏季风环流增强;冬季风环流较现在略有增强。该模