Using Airgun Source Signals to Study Regional Wave Velocity Changes before and after the Yunlong MS5.0 and Yangbi MS5.1 Earthquakes

On the basis of the airgun source signals recorded by the stations from January, 2016 to June, 2017, we use cross-correlation detection technology to obtain the characteristics of the stable phase travel time change of each station. We used the Yunlong M_S5.0 and Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquakes as samples. According to regional characteristics, 13 stations with high signal-to-noise ratios and complete data were selected (including 3 fixed stations and 10 active source stations). They are divided into four regions, and on the basis of the GNSS baseline data, the characteristics of regional wave velocity changes before and after the earthquake are analyzed. The results show that the station phase travel time change and the regional stress characteristics represented by the GNSS baseline data have good correlation in the short-term. Due to different degrees of regional stress, there are differences in the travel time changes of different stations in the four regions. Before the Yunlong M_S5.0 and Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquakes, with regional stress adjustment, there is an upward trend in the travel time changes of related stations in the adjacent areas of up to 0.02s. The difference is that there are differences in the time nodes and duration of the travel time anomalies, and there is a reverse descent process after the Yangbi M_S5.1 earthquake. There are different degrees of travel time fluctuations in the relevant stations before and after the two earthquakes, but the fluctuation range before and after the earthquake was small. Compared with the water level change of the reservoir, the adjustment of the regional stress is more likely to have a substantial impact on the travel time changes of the relevant stations.     

基于FDTD的月壤分层雷达探测正演模拟

“嫦娥三号”巡视器上搭载的测月雷达通过500 MHz频率的天线,对巡视路线上的月壳浅层结构进行剖面式观测,能探测到月球地底下30 m深土壤层的结构。为了更好地分析测月雷达的探测结果,文中对月壤分层进行正演模拟,月岩层的介电常数采用与“嫦娥三号”登月点位置最近的Apollo 15的电性参数近似代替,月壤的介电常数是一个和密度相关的值且随深度的变化而变化。根据以上参数建立模型,基于时域有限差分（FDTD）原理,利用GprMax对月壤分层结构进行模拟,建立的模型包括月表介电常数随深度变化二层模型和月岩层存在下界面三层模型,并对其波形特征进行分析,找到月壤层次划分的一般规律,对“嫦娥三号”测月雷达数据的分析提供理论依据。     

内蒙古地震监测台网的建设与发展

回顾了内蒙古地震台网建设的发展历史,阐述了各阶段地震台站的建设情况,通过“九五”和“十五”的建设,内蒙古的地震监测能力有了极大的提升。     

基于《中国震例》的地震空区和地震条带统计特征

基于《中国震例》(1970—2013年), 系统清理了246次M≥5.0震例前的地震活动图像异常, 并结合区域差异进行地震空区和地震条带的统计特征研究。 结果显示: ① 在246次震例中, 震前出现地震空区、 地震条带的震例数分别为105次、 51次, 占震例总数的42.7%和20.7%; ② 随着主震震级的增大, 地震空区和地震条带出现的比例逐渐增大, 尤其是7级以上地震, 震前出现地震空区的震例数占同类震例总数的83.3%, 出现地震条带的震例数占同类震例总数的66.7%, 可见地震空区和地震条带可能是7级以上强震的重要异常判据; ③ 针对整个中国大陆及近海, 地震空区和地震条带的持续时间、 展布尺度、 起始震级与主震震级存在一定线性关系, 相关系数能够通过95%置信水平的阈值检验; ④ 各主要构造分区的统计结果差异较大, 青藏高原北部除地震空区持续时间外, 其余地震空区和地震条带参数与主震震级之间的线性关系均通过阈值检验, 南北带中南段和华北地区有个别参数通过检验, 天山地区所有参数均未通过检验。     

惠民凹陷中央隆起带古近系地震浊积岩特征研究

通过大量岩心、薄片、粒度和成像测井资料分析,首次提出山东惠民凹陷中央隆起带沙三段上部浊积岩与典型的原地震积岩(包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩等)紧密伴生,当属于地震成因浊积岩,地震浊积岩与原地震积岩之间被震积不整合面分割。地震浊积岩与非地震浊积岩具有类似的鲍玛序列,不同的是地震浊积岩鲍玛序列底部的含砾砂岩中颗粒具有碎裂结构。根据地震浊积岩所处位置,垂向上一般可组成完整的原地震积岩—“似海啸岩”—震浊积岩序列、原地震积岩—震浊积岩序列或者未震层—地震浊积岩序列。地震成因浊积岩的发现和研究,将为研究陆相湖盆地震事件沉积及正确判断济阳坳陷储集砂体的“多元”性提供地质理论依据。      

Sampling Size Requirements to Delineate Spatial Variability of Soil Properties for Site-Specific Nutrient Management in Rubber Tree Plantations

Site-specific nutrient management is an important strategy to promote sustainable production of rubber trees in order to obtain high yields of natural rubber. Making effective nutrient management decisions for rubber trees depend on knowing the spatial variations of soil fertility properties in advance. In this study the Kriging geostatistical method was used to examine the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in a typical hilly rubber tree plantation in Hainan, China. The spatial variability of the soils was small for the TN and OM and had medium variability for the AP and AK variables. Anisotropic semivariograms of all soil properties revealed that elevation and building contour ledge can profoundly affect the spatial variability of soil properties in the plantation, except for the AK variable. Soil samples had to be collected in alignment with the direction of elevation and perpendicular to the direction of building contour ledges, which was needed to obtain more reliable information within the study area in the rubber tree plantation. In formulating a sample scheme for AK, the distribution features of the soil’s parent material should be considered as the influence factor in the study field. The Kriging method used to guide the soil sampling for spatial variability dertermination of soil properties was about 2-5 times more efficient than the classic statistical method.     

数字化地磁加卸载响应比异常特征与地震关系的研究

辽宁及邻区在2008～2010年发生了多次ML4.0级以上地震。笔者应用地磁加卸戴响应比方法对辽宁及邻区在2008～2010年地磁数字化资料进行处理。在考虑电离层扰动的基础上得出辽宁及邻区加卸载响应比方法P（Z）的高值异常与ML4.0级以上地震的对应关系,并总结得出辽宁及邻区P（Z）值映震异常的定量指标及异常变化特征与地震的关系。     

瞬变电磁法在断裂构造上的异常反映

在水文地质及工程地质勘探工作中,寻找和查明断裂构造意义重大。众所周知,瞬变电磁法作为一种物探手法,已被广泛应用于地球物理勘探的各个领域。在断裂构造位置,瞬变电磁法表现为归一化二次电位衰减快,呈现双峰异常。根据瞬变电磁法的基础理论,解释瞬变电磁法在断裂构造上呈现双峰异常原因。     

the changing relationship of hydrogeological parameters of dadianzi well-aquifer system

Hydrogeological parameter is an important index to characterize the hydrogeological properties of the aquifer, and has a clear physical basis and mechanism. Although the predecessors have made significant achievements in these areas, research is lacking on the changing law and relationship of the hydrogeological parameters of well-aquifer system. The digital water level and barometric pressure data of Dadianzi Well are used as the basis in this study. Based on the theories of elastic mechanics, rock mechanics and fluid mechanics, and using barometric pressure coefficient and tidal factor, the hydrogeological parameters in Dadianzi well-aquifer system in undrained conditions are studied. The corresponding water storage rate can also be obtained quantitatively. In addition, with the thickness of the aquifer, the pressure transmitting coefficient, the radius of the well and the frequency of the tidal wave, the permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient of well-aquifer system can be obtained, and the relationships between them are derived. The results show that: 1)There is an obvious power function relationship between porosity and solid skeleton volume compression coefficient, volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer, water storage rate, permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient. The volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton, water storage rate, permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient have a positive correlation with the porosity, the volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer decreases with increasing porosity. The volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton and water in aquifer can be well fitted to one of two quadratic polynomials. And the volume compression coefficient of water in aquifer is larger than the solid skeleton volume compression coefficient, water is more easily compressed. In addition, with the increase of water storage rate, the permeability coefficient and transmissibility coefficient also increase linearly; 2)Different from the traditional pumping test and indoor experiment, this paper uses the digital water level and other data, combined with the pressure coefficient and Venedikov tidal harmonic analysis results to access to the porosity, the volume compression coefficient of solid skeleton and water in aquifer medium, water storage rate, the permeability coefficient and the transmissibility coefficient. This method is simple and accurate.     

月陆地区次级撞击坑特征及年龄统计方法

通过撞击坑的大小频率计算月表的地质年龄是一种行之有效的方法,包括累积分布法和相对分布法。其中累计分布法在已知撞击坑直径范围的基础上,可分为3种年代函数计算月表的地层单元,分别是Melosh 和 Vickery 1989 (直径大于4 km 撞击坑), Neukum 1983(直径大于1 km撞击坑)和李坤等2012(直径小于1 km 撞击坑)。应用高分辨率影像SELENE TC(10m/pixel)数据,完成了Apollo 14及Apollo 16登月区域地层单元的解译,并应用撞击坑直径频率统计方法获取同一地层单元的形成年龄。通过与Apollo登月区域样品同位素年龄对照,得出Neukum 1983(直径大于1 km撞击坑)相对于其他几种方法更加准确,同时分析了撞击坑的退化、次级撞击坑影响等相关问题。