白垩纪、第三纪

自垩纪是由拉丁字"Creta"(白垩)来的.最早研究欧洲西海岸多佛地区的地层时,看到它上部有白垩,就起了这个名称,用以称呼该地区的白色悬崖的岩层.其实,其它国家的白垩纪地层,并不一定都有白垩,象我国西北,大部分是砂岩、页     

Survivorship and growth of Fucus gardneri after transplant to an acid mine drainage-polluted area

Acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned copper mine at Britannia Beach, British Columbia, Canada, enters the marine environment through Britannia Creek. The surrounding intertidal zone is devoid of rockweed, Fucus gardneri Silva, a seaweed that dominates nearby shores. Rockweed plants were transplanted to the intertidal zone near Britannia Creek and monitored for changes in percent cover, survivorship, growth rate and Cu content. Autumn and winter transplants to within 100 m of Britannia Creek resulted in negative growth rates and high mortality within 57 days of exposure to AMD, with Cu levels in rockweed surpassing 2,300 ppm in dry tissue. Summer transplants to sites 300-700 m from Britannia Creek showed no consistent differences between AMD-exposed rockweed and control plants, possibly because the plants were stressed by desiccation. The results are consistent with ecological effects observed in other studies, and provide strong evidence for the role of AMD in excluding rockweed from the shores near Britannia Creek.     

CCOP第22届年会简介

联合国亚太经社会理事会亚洲近海矿产资源联合勘测协调委员会(CCOP)第22届年会,于1985年11月11—21日在广州召开.地质矿产部部长朱训致开幕词,对CCOP本届年会在中国召开表示祝贺,并对到会的各国代表表示热烈欢迎.广东省副省长匡吉出席了开幕式.来自中国、印尼、日本、南朝鲜、马来西亚,巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国等九个成员国和澳大利亚、加拿大、法国、荷兰、挪威、英国、苏联、美国等八个合作国以及联合国开发计划署、联合国科技教文组织、亚太经社会国际地科联等国际性组织共72名代表出席了会议.地矿部杨志龄、刘光鼎率中国代表团参加了会议.会议选举中国代表王大雄为本届年会主席.     

Detecting infiltration and impacts of introduced water using strontium isotopes

Water introduced to surface drainages, such as agricultural and roadway runoff, mine drainage, or coalbed natural gas (CBNG)-produced water, potentially can be of environmental concern. In order to mitigate potential environmental effects, it may be important to be able to trace water discharged to the surface as it infiltrates and interacts with near-surface aquifers. We have chosen to study water withdrawn during CBNG production for isotope tracing in the hyporheic zone because it poses a variety of economic, environmental, and policy issues in the Rocky Mountain states. Ground water quality must be protected as CBNG water is added to semiarid ecosystems. Strontium (Sr) isotopes are effective fingerprints of the aquifer from which water originates. In this study, CBNG water was found to have a higher (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio than the local alluvial aquifer water. This measurable difference allows the strontium isotope ratio and concentration to be used as tracers of CBNG water following its discharge to the surface. The dissolution and mobilization of salts from soil are an important contributor to ground water quality degradation. In the Powder River basin of Wyoming, the soils are calcium carbonate-buffered systems. The chemical similarity of strontium to calcium allows it to substitute into calcium minerals and enabled us to use strontium isotopes to identify calcium salts mobilized from the soil. Strontium isotopes are an effective monitor of the source of ions and the volume and direction of introduced water flow in the hyporheic zone.     

The use of meiofauna as an indicator of benthic organic enrichment associated with salmonid aquaculture

Sediment chemistry and meiofaunal samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to examine the relationship between sediment variables and meiofauna diversity across near- and far-field gradients surrounding several finfish aquaculture operations. The sediment variables examined consisted of free sulfide concentrations, redox potential (E(NHE)), organic content, and sediment grain size. A strong trend between sediment texture and organic content was observed across all sampling locations, which reflected a wide range of sediment types (sand-silt) that exist within the Broughton Archipelago. The abundance of certain meiofaunal groups (kinorhynchs, crustaceans, polychaetes) declined in an asymptotic fashion with increasing free sulfide concentrations, an indicator of benthic organic enrichment. Within these relationships, low meiofaunal abundances occurred in fine sediments associated with higher organic contents. Although other groups (nematodes, foraminifera) showed a slight decline in abundance with increasing organic enrichment, a high amount of variability in abundance was observed at high free sulfide concentrations, rendering these groups not suitable as indicators of organic enrichment. This study reports both horizontal and vertical trends in meiofaunal distributions relative to free sulfide concentrations. The abundance of nematode and crustacean taxa decreased with sediment depth as well as increasing sulfide concentration, while polycheate abundance increased with increasing free sulfide concentration. The ratio of nematodes to copepods was also shown to represent the degree of organic loading associated with aquaculture operations and its application as an indicator of benthic impact is discussed.     

亚海矿委会三角洲沉积作用学术讨论会在青岛举行

联合国亚太经社会(ESCAP),亚洲近海矿产资源联合勘测协调委员会(CCOP)举办的“三角洲沉积作用”学术讨论会,于1987年9月14—26日分别在地矿部海洋地质研究所和黄河三角洲利津、桩西和海港等地进行了讲学、学术交流和野外现场考察.出席会议的有来自美国、荷兰、西德、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、泰国和越南等国的地质专家、学员代表和CCOP组织的官员;我国参加会议的有地矿部、国家海洋局、山东海洋学院、北京师范大学、中国地质大学(北京研究生部)、地质出版社和海洋地质研究所等单位.     

Strontium isotopic identification of water-rock interaction and ground water mixing

87Sr/86Sr ratios of ground waters in the Bighorn and Laramie basins' carbonate and carbonate-cemented aquifer systems, Wyoming, United States, reflect the distinctive strontium isotope signatures of the minerals in their respective aquifers. Well water samples from the Madison Aquifer (Bighorn Basin) have strontium isotopic ratios that match their carbonate host rocks. Casper Aquifer ground waters (Laramie Basin) have strontium isotopic ratios that differ from the bulk host rock; however, stepwise leaching of Casper Sandstone indicates that most of the strontium in Casper Aquifer ground waters is acquired from preferential dissolution of carbonate cement. Strontium isotope data from both Bighorn and Laramie basins, along with dye tracing experiments in the Bighorn Basin and tritium data from the Laramie Basin, suggest that waters in carbonate or carbonate-cemented aquifers acquire their strontium isotope composition very quickly--on the order of decades. Strontium isotopes were also used successfully to verify previously identified mixed Redbeds-Casper ground waters in the Laramie Basin. The strontium isotopic compositions of ground waters near Precambrian outcrops also suggest previously unrecognized mixing between Casper and Precambrian aquifers. These results demonstrate the utility of strontium isotopic ratio data in identifying ground water sources and aquifer interactions.     

Quantity, composition, and source of sediment collected in sediment traps along the fringing coral reef off Molokai, Hawaii

Sediment traps were used to evaluate the frequency, cause, and relative intensity of sediment mobility/resuspension along the fringing coral reef off southern Molokai (February 2000-May 2002). Two storms with high rainfall, floods, and exceptionally high waves resulted in sediment collection rates>1000 times higher than during non-storm periods, primarily because of sediment resuspension by waves. Based on quantity and composition of trapped sediment, floods recharged the reef flat with land-derived sediment, but had a low potential for burying coral on the fore reef when accompanied by high waves. The trapped sediments have low concentrations of anthropogenic metals. The magnetic properties of trapped sediment may provide information about the sources of land-derived sediment reaching the fore reef. The high trapping rate and low sediment cover indicate that coral surfaces on the fore reef are exposed to transient resuspended sediment, and that the traps do not measure net sediment accumulation on the reef surface.     

地矿部海洋地质工作会议在京召开

地矿部海洋地质工作会议在京召开地矿部海洋地质工作会议暨全国海洋地质科技工作预备会,于１９９７年１２月３—７日,在北京部十三陵培训中心召开。参加会议的有来自广州海洋地质调查局、青岛海洋地质研究所、上海海洋石油地质局、中国地质科学院、中国地质勘查技术院、...     

印度调查开发天然气水合物“九五”计划简介：1996—2000年

随着印度天然气需求量与供应量“入不敷出”的不断扩大,在以ＬＮＧ形式进口天然气的价格相对较昂贵的情况下,就需要加速勘探开发天然气替代资源———气体水合物的步伐。近年来,由ＯＮＧＣ、ＤＧＨ、ＧＡＩＬ、ＮＧＲＩ和ＮＩＯ等机构的初步调查研究表明,印度东、西近海域存在着气体水合物的地震模拟反射层（ＢＳＲ）的证据。印度研究机构认为,开展调查勘探活动,并最终进行商业性开采气体水合物该是时候了。为此,印度政府组织了一个由ＧＡＩＬ的ＳｈｒｉＩ．Ｌ．Ｂｕｄｈｉｒａｊａ（技术顾问）、ＯＮＧＣ的ＫｕｌｄｅｅｐＣｈａｎｄ…