Stochastic ground water flow simulation with a fracture zone continuum model

A method is presented for incorporating the hydraulic effects of vertical fracture zones into two-dimensional cell-based continuum models of ground water flow and particle tracking. High hydraulic conductivity features are used in the model to represent fracture zones. For fracture zones that are not coincident with model rows or columns, an adjustment is required for the hydraulic conductivity value entered into the model cells to compensate for the longer flowpath through the model grid. A similar adjustment is also required for simulated travel times through model cells. A travel time error of less than 8% can occur for particles moving through fractures with certain orientations. The fracture zone continuum model uses stochastically generated fracture zone networks and Monte Carlo analysis to quantify uncertainties with simulated advective travel times. An approach is also presented for converting an equivalent continuum model into a fracture zone continuum model by establishing the contribution of matrix block transmissivity to the bulk transmissivity of the aquifer. The methods are used for a case study in west-central Florida to quantify advective travel times from a potential wetland rehydration site to a municipal supply wellfield. Uncertainties in advective travel times are assumed to result from the presence of vertical fracture zones, commonly observed on aerial photographs as photolineaments.     

中国海域油气勘探的新领域——应当重视海域中生界油气资源

中国近海海域目前发现的油气绝大部分产自第三纪盆地，且以陆相为主，勘探工作虽已取得突破性进展，但就勘探的深度和广度而言，领域的局限性影响了油气储产能力，难以满足国家对油气资源迫切的需求。本以近海海域中生界盆地沉积与油气特征为主题，提出开拓中生界油气新领域，尤其是寻找前景极佳的海相油气，为发现大型中生界油气领域，尤其是寻找前景极佳的海相油气，为发现大型中生界油气田提供更多的后备勘探基地。     

全球变化——海洋地学的热点问题

文章对当今海洋地球科学中对全球环境变化有影响的气候变暖、板块构造运动、环境地质和矿产资源开发等热点问题进行了阐述。近百年来，世界气温变化反映全球变暖的趋势。气候变暖引起的海平面上升和厄尔尼诺现象将对沿海国家近岸地区人民的生产和生活带来极大的危害和巨大的经济损失。８０年代以来，全球板块构造运动及其驱动力成为科学家研究的热点；沿岸国家海岸带海陆交互地区的开发活动和日益严重的污染对海洋生态环境造成极大危害。文章亦分析了海洋矿产资源开发的前景和海洋地球科学面临的重要课题，提出２１世纪我国海洋地质调查与研究的主要任务     

我国海洋地质调查和油气勘查的进展概述

本文较系统地综述了建国以来我国海洋地质调查和油气勘查的主要工作情况与成果。     

“固体瓦斯”—21世纪的新型能源

石油和天然气是发展油气工业和石化工业的物质基础,是现代工农业和交通运输业的血液,是一个国家的重要战略物资。 然而,据国际能源机构及有关专家预测,到21世纪50年代,尽管煤炭和油气在能源消费中仍将占主要地位,但由于它们的可采储量日益减少,人类社会面临能源危机不可避免,一些新型能源将逐渐开始替代传统能源。     

国际气体水合物研究开发新动态

１９９９年７月１９～２２日,在美国盐湖城召开了“第三届国际气体水合物会议”,会议主题是“气体水合物与未来的挑战”。参加会议的各国代表共２００余人,分别来自美国、日本、挪威、加拿大、英国、法国、德国、俄罗斯和中国等。会议进行了４天,就资源特征、全球气候变化...     

Tracing coalbed natural gas-coproduced water using stable isotopes of carbon

Recovery of hydrocarbons commonly is associated with coproduction of water. This water may be put to beneficial use or may be reinjected into subsurface aquifers. In either case, it would be helpful to establish a fingerprint for that coproduced water so that it may be tracked following discharge on the surface or reintroduction to geologic reservoirs. This study explores the potential of using δ¹³C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of coalbed natural gas (CBNG)–coproduced water as a fingerprint of its origin and to trace its fate once it is disposed on the surface. Our initial results for water samples coproduced with CBNG from the Powder River Basin show that this water has strongly positive δ¹³C_DIC (12‰ to 22‰) that is readily distinguished from the negative δ¹³C of most surface and ground water (−8‰ to −11‰). Furthermore, the DIC concentrations in coproduced water samples are also high (more than 100 mg C/L) compared to the 20 to 50 mg C/L in ambient surface and ground water of the region. The distinctively high δ¹³C and DIC concentrations allow us to identify surface and ground water that have incorporated CBNG-coproduced water. Accordingly, we suggest that the δ¹³C_DIC and DIC concentrations of water can be used for long-term monitoring of infiltration of CBNG-coproduced water into ground water and streams. Our results also show that the δ¹³C_DIC of CBNG-coproduced water from two different coal zones are distinct leading to the possibility of using δ¹³C_DIC to distinguish water produced from different coal zones.     

世界海洋能源开发利用趋势展望

在当今世界能源消耗结构中,常规能源(煤炭,石油和天然气等)仍然占绝对的优势。从全球范围看,煤炭仍是第一能源,其消费量占能源总消费量约半数;其次是石油和天然气。然而,海洋能源主要是石油与天然气,其次是海底煤炭和可再生能源——潮汐能、波浪能、温差与盐差能、海岛的风能与太阳能等。     

南海已成为我国海上最大的油气生产基地

到目前为止,中国海洋石油总公司在南海北部珠江口盆地东部海域,已找到石油地质储量4.5亿吨,经中外合作勘探评价,有9个油田具有商业性开采价值,现已投产的惠州211、惠州26～1两个中型油田,年生产能力为250万吨。南海西部海域已找到油田10个,气田2个,探明石油地质储量1.2亿吨,天然气1200亿立方米。 目前已知的海上大气区——南海西部莺歌海盆地和琼东南盆地,其含油气面积约9万平