Evaluation of Effective Depth of PVD Improvement in Soft Clay Deposit: A Field Case Study

This article presents a case history of determination of effective depth of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) under embankment loading on a very soft clay deposit in central China, near Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. The height of the embankment was 5.3 m and construction time was about one year. The PVDs were installed to a depth of 8.5 m at a spacing of 1.5 m in a triangular pattern. Field observations and the finite element method (FEM) were employed to analyze the performance of the soft deposit during embankment construction. The influential depth of the embankment loading was evaluated based on settlement, excess pore pressure, and stress increase in subsoil, both from the observed data and FEM analysis. The effective PVD depth was determined in the following ways: (1) the depth of 5% subsoil settlement of surface settlement; (2) vertical stress increase in subsoil of 25% in-situ stress; and (3) consolidation time/PVD depth relation by FEM. Based on the analysis, the effective depth of PVDs was determined to be between 10 and 12.8 m for this field case.     

植被对波浪作用下床面切应力影响的数值模拟分析

本文基于OpenFOAM建立三维波浪数值水槽,模拟计算植被水域波浪作用下的床面切应力,分析了入射波高、植被密度、植被淹没高度、水流对植被水域波浪作用下床面切应力的影响。结果表明：纯波时,由于植被的阻水作用,植被水域床面切应力沿程衰减,其衰减程度与入射波高、植被密度及植被淹没高度呈现正相关;与纯波时相比,在波浪和同向流共同作用下正向床面切应力幅值增大,负向床面切应力幅值减小;弱水流对植被水域床面切应力的大小及分布无明显影响;强水流时,床面切应力在植被水域先增大后逐渐减小并在植被水域后显著降低。     

合肥市郊低层大气的激光雷达探测研究

利用L300米散射激光雷达对合肥市郊大气边界层进行长期系统观测.分析讨论了大气边界层气溶胶消光系数与温度、湿度的关系, 大气边界层气溶胶消光系数垂直分布和时间变化的主要特征, 给出了激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度的统计特征及其与无线电气象探空仪探测大气边界层高度的比较结果.     

LiPF6的水解行为研究

利用直接电位法,采用标准加入的方式测定了不同浓度和温度条件下,LiPF6水溶液中的F-浓度,同时考察了碱处理对LiPF6水解的影响,并采用电导率测定结果进行了验证.实验表明,LiPF6能够在水中稳定存在,且几乎不受碱度和温度的影响.     

小震空间分在奇异性谱f（α）研究

本文用数盒子法计算了１９７９年３月２日固镇５．０级、１９７４年４月２２日溧阳５．５级和１９７９年７月９日溧阳６．０级地震前后小震空间分布分形集合的奇异性谱ｆ（α），详细讨论了ｆ（α）谱所揭示的主震前后各阶段小震空间分布从稀疏到密集的各种密度分布不均匀性的定量特征。经分析可以看出，奇异性谱ｆ（α）较多重分形谱Ｄｑ的概念更直观、清晰，它包含了空间分布的全部信息，且计算量明显减少。     

On dynamic coupling effects between a spar and its mooring lines

The responses of a spar constrained by slack mooring lines to steep ocean waves and tensions in the mooring lines are simulated using two different numerical schemes: a quasi-static approach (SMACOS) and a coupled dynamic approach (COUPLE). The two approaches are the same in computing wave loads on the structure. Their difference is in modeling dynamic forces of mooring lines; that is the dynamic forces are included in the computation of COUPLE but neglected in SMACOS. The numerical simulation is examined against the laboratory measurements of the JIP Spar in a water depth of 318 m. The dynamic coupling effects between the JIP Spar and its mooring lines in different water depths (318, 618 and 1018 m) are investigated by the comparison of numerical simulations obtained using the quasi-static and coupled dynamic approaches. It is found that the damping of mooring lines reduces the slow-drift surge and pitch of the Spar, especially in deep water. The reduction in the amplitude of slow-drift surge can reach about 10% in a water depth of 1018 m. The tension in mooring lines may greatly increase in the wave frequency range when dynamic forces in mooring lines are considered. The mooring-line tension in the wave frequency range predicted by the coupled dynamic approach can be eight times as great as the corresponding prediction by the quasi-static approach in a water depth of 1018 m. This finding may have important implications for the estimation of the fatigue strength and life span of the mooring lines deployed in deep water oceans.     

关于上海海洋防灾减灾体系建设的思考

上海地理位置独特,濒江临海,易受风暴潮、海浪、咸潮、赤潮和海啸等海洋灾害的威胁。全面做好上海海洋防灾减灾工作,对于保障沿海人民生命财产安全、经济社会发展和城市安全运行具有重要意义。为完善上海海洋防灾减灾体系,提升沿海防灾减灾能力,文章结合上海海洋防灾减灾工作实际,从健全海洋防灾减灾工作体制机制、建立健全“市-区-街（镇）”三级预案体系、提升海洋观测监测和预警预报能力、提高海洋灾害综合应对能力以及强化海洋防灾减灾队伍建设5个方面提出对策建议。     

2014年春季渤海浮游植物群落结构

基于2014年春季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查,研究了渤海浮游植物群落的结构特征,并结合文献资料,分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示：2014年渤海春季共鉴定浮游植物3门29属50种,以硅藻为主,还有少数甲藻和金藻。其中,硅藻门中圆筛藻属的种类最多,共12种,其次为角毛藻属,共5种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于1.08×10⁴~181.09×10⁴个/m³,平均为25.47×10⁴个/m³。硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为12：1,硅藻在物种数量和细胞丰度上均占有绝对优势,为渤海浮游植物的主要类群。浮游植物优势种主要为密联角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）、斯氏几内亚藻（Guinardia striata）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）和夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）。渤海春季浮游植物群落多样性水平较低,且分布不均。渤海中部和渤海海峡海域由于单一优势种过量繁殖导致群落稳定性较差。与历史同期资料对比,渤海海域浮游植物群落出现明显的物种演替现象,角毛藻的优势地位显著性下降,斯氏几内亚藻首次在渤海大面调查中被记录为优势种。本研究为今后渤海环境生态系统和渔业资源变动的研究提供重要基础资料和参考依据。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷古、新近系古生物记录及古环境意义

对北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷WZ5-X-Y井85份沉积样品开展了孢粉和藻类分析,探讨了钻孔所在区域古近纪—新近纪沉积环境的变化和植被类型的演替,并推断了气候条件的变化。研究结果显示,钻孔所在区域始新世—渐新世古湖泊发育,水域范围存在波动,渐新世整体上湖泊水域范围有所收缩,中新世湖泊进一步收缩,并持续受到海水入侵的影响。始新世钻井周边丘陵和低山地区发育以常绿栎和胡桃为主的常绿落叶阔叶混交林,湖泊周边生长桤木林,气候温暖湿润,渐新世的植被类型仍是以常绿落叶阔叶混交林为主,但是常绿林的缩小和针叶林的扩张则指示气温和湿度下降,中新世常绿林的扩张则指示了温度和湿度回升。     

黄海北部降水中氟的浓度变化

1988～1992年连续采集了黄海西北部的大气降水,分析样品中的氟而得到的80多个数据显示出大气降水中氟的平均浓度低于中国北方主要河流的氟平均浓度。在冬季,氟的浓度较其他季节高,这可能和降雨量减少以及人为因素等密切相关。目前还难以估算出人为因素对氟在降水中化学行为的影响程度,但数据显示出人口密集地区降水中氟的浓度明显高于人口稀疏的自然地带。