土地资源调查中3S集成应用的关键技术

针对土地资源管理中对现势性土地利用信息的需求,结合遥感、GIS和GPS技术特点及其发展现状,阐述将3S技术集成应用于土地利用调查信息采集、处理,以及土地利用基础数据快速更新中的关键技术,并对未来这一技术领域的发展趋势进行展望。     

基于TM影像的南京市土地利用遥感动态监测

基于南京市1988年和1998年两期TM影像，首先用辐射水准归一化法将1998年影像校正到1988年影像的辐射水平上，再经过几何校正、训练区纯化等预处理，对两期影像分别用最大似然法进行分类，然后在Arc／Info的GRID模块中编写AML语言，对得到的两期土地利用分类图进行叠置运算，提取出土地利用动态变化信息。分析结果表明，10a间南京市耕地面积大量减少，林地面积有所增加。     

松花江干流（哈尔滨段）春季最低水位预测方法

利用1949~2003年松花江(哈尔滨段)最低水位资料,分析松花江干流(哈尔滨段)春季最低水位变化规律和典型枯水年成因,分析了其与松花江、嫩江等松花江流域面雨量的相关性,与拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子等的关系。以松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域7~11月面雨量总和及前一年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最高水位为因子,预测2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位。利用方差周期方法、均生函数方法对2004~2013年拉尼娜、厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子及松花江、嫩江、第二松花江流域月面雨量进行预测,并以此预测对2004~2013年松花江干流(哈尔滨段)最低水位进行订正,得出预测结论。     

2004年广东省干旱灾害遥感监测应用研究

针对广东省气候湿润、植被覆盖度高的特点,以NOAA/AVHRR资料为数据源,采用植被供水指数法,对2004年广东省发生的50年来最严重的一次干旱灾害进行遥感动态监测,并结合土地利用分类数据,采用掩膜技术提取干旱分类信息.研究结果表明,10月上旬全省部分地区出现旱情,10月下旬全省受旱总面积达到峰值,占全省面积的72.6%;11月上旬后期受旱面积有所减少,中旱、重旱区域有所增加,其后旱情总体呈减缓趋势,但在12月中旬出现了短暂的增加趋势.以11月上旬为例的干旱灾害分类研究还表明,水田、旱地、灌木、林地等不同的用地类型,其受旱比例依次递减.该研究结果较好地反映了本次干旱灾害的空间分布及发展过程,为相关部门进行干旱灾情评估、制定和实施抗旱减灾措施提供了科学依据.     

舞钢市棉盲蝽象的发生规律及防治对策

通过2004～2005年调查研究,基本摸清了舞钢市棉盲蝽象的发生种类、习性、危害情况及发生规律,防治应重点抓好健株栽培、减少虫源,以及在发生期采用触杀性和内吸性药剂混合喷施,并实施统防统治.     

Sensor Calibration in Support for NOAA’s Satellite Mission

Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA's satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation's strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation's interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience.     

Characteristics of Aerosol Ionic Compositions in Summer 2003 at Lin''''an of Yangtze Delta Region

With the size-resolved aerosol mass and ion composition data obtained at Lin'an regional atmospheric pollution monitoring station in July 2003, the size distributions of aerosol mass and ionic components, and the correlations between major ion pairs were analyzed. The primary results indicate that in the period of in-situ measurement, the aerosols are mainly composed of fine particles. The mass of aerosols with size less than 2.1μm accounts for 66% of the total mass of all size ranges, in which about 50% of the mass is contributed by the particles with size less than 0.65μm. Similar to the size distributions of aerosol mass, the water-soluble ions are mainly concentrated in the size range of <0.65μm, accounting for about 77% of the sum of analyzed ions, and the ions within the range of <2.1μm reach 88%. The sulfate, ammonium, and potassium are the dominant ionic components in fine particles (particle size less than 2.1μm). Ion correlation analysis suggests that the sulfates in fine particles are mostly in the compounds of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4, but for submicron particles the sulfates are mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4.     

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES AND ASSOCIATED SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS ON STRONG MEIYU IN SHANGHAI

1 INTRODUCTIONWith the methods of correlation and compositeanalyses,Ju et al.[1] discussed the relationship betweenlow-frequency oscillation in the summer monsoonregion in East Asia and droughts/floods in the middleand lower reaches of the Yangtze River and found thatstrong monsoon years usually cause more rain in theregion. Studying the interdecadal variation ofprecipitation in three rain zones over south China,thevalley of Yangtze River and north China,Tan et al.[2]showed that mid- a…     

中部天山地壳活动的GPS初步分析

通过对天山中部地区连续多年的GPS观测分析,得到了该监测区相对欧亚板块的运动速度场及应变场分布情况。计算表明天山中部地区内部断裂两盘的运动方向以婆罗科努断裂为界,北部各断层表现为拉张特征,南部总体表现为聚合特征。     

龙泉山断裂带地震活动性浅析

通过对龙泉山断裂带东坡断裂和西坡断裂的地震活动性研究,表明该带是一条活断层。历史地震记载和现今地震活动均呈现沿断裂带分布,地震活动呈现周期性和南北跳迁的特点,近10年来地震监测资料表明该带地震活动在增强。