剑门地貌特征、成因及与丹霞地貌之比较

剑门地貌见于四川盆地北部的剑阁县剑门关一带,是一种特定的砾岩地貌,以发育砾岩悬崖绝壁、砾岩关隘、砾岩峡谷、砾岩山峦、砾岩峰丛等为特征,规模宏大,气势如虹。龙门山山前广泛分布,景观独特,与广东丹霞地貌显著不同。     

Effects of vegetation restoration on soil physical properties of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau,China

To improve the ecological environment in China, the Chinese government implemented a country-wide ecological protection and reforestation project (namely the “Grain for Green Project”) in 1999 to return cultivated land with slopes of 25° or more to perennial vegetation. Vegetation restoration reduces soil erosion mainly by changing the soil physical properties. Different vegetation restoration methods might produce different impacts on soil physical properties. In this study, two vegetation restoration methods (i.e., natural restoration and artificial restoration) were compared on abandoned farmland in the typically hilly and gullied areas of the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. In the natural restoration method, the farmland was abandoned to natural vegetation succession without irrigation, fertilization or other artificial disturbances. In the artificial restoration method, the farmland was planted with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and watered and cultivated for the first two years. Three soil physical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density and aggregation) were investigated under the two vegetation restoration methods. The results showed that the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under artificial restoration than under natural restoration within the first three years of vegetation restoration. By the fourth year, the soil moisture and soil bulk density were higher under natural restoration than under artificial restoration. For the stability of soil aggregates?>?0.25 mm, the soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer were more stable under artificial restoration than under natural restoration, while the results were the opposite for the 40-60 cm soil layer. Overall, the soil physical properties were continuously improved during the restoration of vegetation on abandoned farmland. In choosing between vegetation restoration methods, natural restoration is preferable to artificial restoration, but artificial intervention is needed during the first three years.     

松辽盆地舍伯吐地区第三系砂体层间氧化-还原过渡带发育特征及其含铀性

松辽盆地是上叠于海西褶皱带基底之上的中新生代陆相沉积盆地。舍伯吐地区位于松辽盆地西南部，区内上第三系松散堆积层赋存有3层稳定的砂体。砂体中均发育有不同规模的区域性层间氧化带。经钻探揭露，榆树屯地段Ⅱ层砂体的层间氧化-还原过渡带比较典型，并有铀和钼的次生富集，这一发现为松辽盆地找矿工作的突破展现了良好的前景。     

Late Neoarchean crustal growth under paired continental arc-back arc system in the North China Craton

The late Archean (~3.0–2.5 Ga) was a key period of continental growth globally, which is widely considered to reflect the onset of vigorous plate tectonic activity, although related continental growth modes remain contentious. Here we investigate a suite of late Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks from the southwest Qixia area of the Jiaobei terrane in the North China Craton. The rocks in this suite include amphibolites, clinopyroxene amphibolites, and hornblende plagioclase gneisses. We present zircon U-Pb isotopic data which indicate that the protoliths of these rocks formed during ~2549–2511 Ma.The (clinopyroxene) amphibolites correspond to meta-basaltic rocks, with some containing high modal content of titanite. These rocks show moderate to high FeO_T (8.96–13.62 wt.%) and TiO₂ (0.59–1.59 wt.%), flat to less fractionated REE patterns, and mildly negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies, resembling those of Fe-tholeiites. In addition, they display positive zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.6 to +8.7), and are devoid of crustal contamination or fractional crystallization. Combined with the low Nb/Yb (mostly < 1.60) and (Hf/Sm)_N (mostly < 0.95), low to moderate Th/Yb (0.08–0.54), and low V/Sc (5.53–9.19) ratios, these basaltic rocks are interpreted to have been derived from a relatively reduced and depleted mantle source that was mildly metasomatized by hydrous fluids. The hornblende plagioclase gneisses are meta-andesitic rocks, and occur interlayered with the basaltic rocks. They are transitional between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline rock series, and show fractionated REE patterns with evidently negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies. The depleted zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.4 to +8.4) and quantitative chemical modeling suggest that the andesitic rocks were most likely generated by injection and mixing of juvenile felsic magmas with the tholeiitic basaltic magmas.In general, the chemical features and genesis of late Neoarchean meta-basaltic rocks in our study area resemble those of Mariana back-arc basin basalts. Combined with regional geological data, it is proposed that the Jiaobei terrane witnessed late Neoarchean crustal growth under a paired continental arc-back arc setting. On a regional context, we propose two distinct geodynamic mode of late Neoarchean continental growth across North China Craton (particularly the Eastern Block), i.e., (1) arc-continent accretion along northwestern part of the Eastern Block; and (2) paired continental arc-back arc system surrounding the ~3.8–2.7 Ga continental nuclei to the southeast.     

抚顺煤层气赋存特征及资源评价研究

抚顺矿区城市下压煤面积6km^2,煤炭储量23901．5万t。通过对矿区地质特征、煤储层特征分析．认为区内煤层气含量高（9．81～24．53m^3／t）,煤层中大空隙多,透气性好,渗透率较高（0．24～3．60mD）。煤层直接顶板为厚100m左右的致密油页岩,底板为泥岩、凝灰岩,具有良好的封闭条件。根据矿区多年测试资料,采用容积法得出区内煤层气资源量为30．53亿m^3。综合开发煤层气资源符合东北老矿区的实际,其将为复苏东北重工业基地提供有效的洁净能源。     

近2600年来黄河下游沉积量和上中游产沙量变化过程

主要基于华北平原上93个钻孔中沉积物详细观测和分析数据,结合182组14C测年和埋深数据、参考前人黄河下游河道历史变迁及其他相关研究成果,估算出2600年以来黄河下游在602BC～11A.D.,11～1034A.D.,1034～1128A.D.,1128～1855A.D.和1855～1997A.D.等5个历史时期的年平均沉积量分别是3.89×108t/a,2.24×108t/a,6.63×108t/a,6.78×108t/a和8.47×108t/a。通过建立黄河下游有无堤防和决溢频率与泥沙输移比的关系,计算出5个时期黄河上中游的平均年输沙量分别是6.2×108t/a,6.8×108t/a,8.3×108t/a,11.5×108t/a和15.3×108t/a。进而探讨了黄河输沙量变化的主要原因,以及历史上王景治河后出现的600年安流时期的原因。     

云南省大关县滑坡灾害特征分析

介绍该县堆积面滑坡和层面滑坡两种典型滑坡的发育特征,分析其形成条件和机理.在此基础上,利用分形分维理论,分析研究区水系特征对滑坡分布和发育特征的影响.     

东天山觉罗塔格造山带康古尔塔格断裂带构造特征及边界属性研究

东天山觉罗塔格造山带是塔里木板块和古亚洲洋碰撞对接的关键部位,为中亚造山带的重要组成部分,而其大地构造属性一直存在着争议。康古尔塔格断裂带作为觉罗塔格造山带的边界断裂,其构造特征的研究对区内大地构造演化有重要的启示作用。通过对康古尔塔格断裂带的地质特征、火山沉积建造及演化过程等方面的研究,发现康古尔塔格断裂带为韧性兼走滑特征深层次的剪切带;区内石炭系火山岩具有典型的沟-弧-盆体系火山-沉积建造特征;康古尔塔格断裂带到阿其克库都克断裂带之间的区域为准噶尔板块与塔里木板块之间的碰撞缝合带;早石炭-晚二叠世,康古尔大洋发生了颇具规模的南北双向俯冲,形成了康-阿缝合带,而康古尔塔格断裂带为康-阿缝合带的北部边界。     

柴北缘绿梁山地区辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及意义

柴达木盆地北缘绿梁山地区的辉长岩侵入到古生代滩间山群及超基性岩中,地球化学、微量元素、稀土元素显示出源幔特征.选自其中的锆石明显具岩浆型锆石特点,4个单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄均为谐和年龄,206Pb/238U表面年龄统计权重平均值为(496.3±6.2)Ma,代表了该岩体的结晶年龄,从而间接地否定了本区滩间山群的时代为晚奥陶世-志留纪的认识.辉长岩与滩间山群是柴北缘活动大陆边缘火山岛弧的组成部分.此类岩体同位素地质年龄的确定对柴北缘榴辉岩、滩间山群时代及大地构造性质的重新认识具有重要意义.     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探一号孔（WFSD-1）断层泥孔段泥浆体系的研究与应用

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目一号孔（WFSD-1）钻遇了30多米的断层泥。针对断层泥钻探的主要问题,对断层泥钻探泥浆体系进行了研究与应用,形成了具有高密度、低失水、低渗透、润滑减阻特点的泥浆体系,再加上重泥浆体系对地应力的平衡作用,成功地解决了断层泥的钻进取心问题,为顺利完成钻孔施工任务奠定了坚实的基础。