改性黏土对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagefferens的去除研究

褐潮是一种由微微型藻引发的藻华,已连续4年在渤海海域暴发,给当地带来巨大的经济损失。目前,在褐潮尚不能有效预防、预控情况下,如何控制和减少其对生态环境和沿海经济带来的危害,成为一个急需解决的问题。利用改性黏土消除藻华是一种快速有效、并得以多次现场成功应用的方法。考察比较了多种不同产地、不同类型的黏土及其改性后对褐潮生物种Aureococcus anophagef ferens(抑食金球藻)的去除效果,选取5种典型的黏土作为主要的实验材料,开展了不同条件下黏土及其改性后对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响研究。实验发现,因A. anophagef ferens个体微小、藻华时密度大,相同用量的黏土或改性黏土对其去除效率低于常见的硅藻、甲藻生物;不同类型黏土对其去除效率有影响,高岭土的去除效率高于蒙脱土;而黏土改性后对A. anophagef ferens的去除效率提高3倍以上。在此基础上,还考察分析了黏土粒径、分散介质等因素对A. anophagef ferens去除效率的影响,为进一步研发安全、高效的褐潮应急消除材料做了有益探索。     

渤海湾表层沉积物元素地球化学分布特征与影响因素

对取自渤海湾的307个表层沉积物进行了元素测试和粒度分析。渤海湾表层沉积物的常微量元素呈现4种组合:富集于粗粒沉积区的SiO_2、Na_2O亲碎屑元素组合;富集于细粒沉积区的以Al_2O_3和重金属元素为代表的亲黏土元素组合;与缺氧环境有关的MnO、V、TOC元素组合和与河流输入有关的陆源CaO、TiO_2元素组合。粒度粗细主导了渤海湾元素含量分布的整体格局;海域河流物源供应不同较大影响了渤海湾南部(富Na_2O、CaO和SiO_2)和北部(富Ba和P_2O_5)在元素含量上的差异;高流速潮流对海底的冲刷再分配导致曹妃甸南侧Sr、Ca元素的条带状富集异常;有机质在细粒沉积区的富集导致缺氧环境的形成和K_2O、Mn、V、自生黄铁矿的海洋自生化学沉积;人类活动导致以Pb为代表的重金属污染在河流入海口、港口及沿岸海域的元素分布异常;曹妃甸沙坝内侧的泻湖(海洋钙质生物沉积)与沙坝外侧水下岸坡(陆源碎屑沉积)的截然不同的物源,导致了独特地貌沉积环境下元素分布的局部差异。     

基于梯度依赖客观分析技术的全球Argo网格化数据集:构建及初步应用

采用梯度依赖相关尺度方法构建了1套2004—2017年间,月平均的全球海洋(0~1 500 m)1°×1°的Argo数据集,并在对该数据集进行对比检验的基础上,将其初步应用于中西太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场分析研究。结果表明,所构建的Argo数据集与WOA13数据集的温、盐偏差在上表层(150 m)稍大,最大值分别约为0.5 ℃和0.1,且偏差均随深度的增加而逐渐减小;其与TAO浮标时间序列的温度偏差,2004—2017年间均小于1 ℃,最大盐度偏差则小于0.5,且大部分海域接近0。中西太平洋海域,黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场多集中在 28~29 ℃ 等温线范围内,在 22 ℃以下的海域单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)值极小;中心渔场区温跃层上界深度范围在20~120 m之间,且中心渔场在各个深度上形成的频数大体呈正态分布,温跃层上界深度为90 m时,形成中心渔场的可能性达到最大。研究表明所构建的数据集在水文环境分析及资源评估中有一定的应用价值。     

Microbial diversity in the sediments of the southern Mariana Trench

Microbial diversity in the abyssal sediments beneath the seafloor of 30,94,and 151cm near the southern end of the Mariana Trench was analyzed in the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.Results show that the microbial populations were dominated by bacteria but merely no archaea were identifi ed at the three depths.In the bacterial community,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the total taxon tags,followed by Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Planctomycetes,Cyanobacteria,and Chloroflexi,which together account for over 99%of the total population.Similar to that in the seawater in the trench,the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)belonging to Gammaproteobacteria from the sediment samples showed high abundance.However,common bacterial OTUs in the water of the trench including Nitrospirae and Marinimicrobia were hardly found in the sediments from the southern Mariana Trench or the hadal region.Therefore,this study documented for the first time the compositions of microbial diversity in the trench sediments,revealed the difference in microbial diversity in water and sediment of the trench and will enrich the knowledge on the microbial diversity in the abyssal areas.     

基于浮标资料的中国东部海域最大波高特征分析

利用原国家海洋局2010—2015年的浮标资料,计算渤、黄、东海有效波高和最大波高的线性关系,并通过1992—2011年共20 a的数值模拟有效波高资料计算中国东部海域各月的2.5 m、4 m、6 m以上最大波高频率和最大波高月极值分布。结果发现:中国东部海域由北至南,最大波高与有效波高的比值逐渐增大;最大波高频率和最大波高月极值空间分布均由渤海、黄海至东海逐渐增大,最大波高频率的极值12月最大,4或5月最小,最大波高月极值9月最大,4月最小。其时空分布表明:受不同天气系统影响,夏秋季台风较多,容易出现极值较大的最大波高;秋冬季冷空气较强,虽然最大波高极值相对较小,但大浪持续时间长、频率大、影响范围广。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviors of A Floating Structure in Focused Waves

Floating structures are commonly seen in coastal and offshore engineering. They are often subjected to extreme waves and, therefore, their nonlinear dynamic behaviors are of great concern. In this paper, an in-house CFD code is developed to investigate the accurate prediction of nonlinear dynamic behaviors of a two-dimensional (2-D) box-shaped floating structure in focused waves. Computations are performed by an enhanced Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid model, in which a more accurate VOF (Volume of Fluid) method, the THINC/SW scheme (THINC: tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing; SW: Slope Weighting), is used for interface capturing. A focusing wave theory is used for the focused wave generation. The wave component of constant steepness is chosen. Comparisons between predictions and physical measurements show good agreement including body motions and free surface profiles. Although the overall agreement is good, some discrepancies are observed for impact pressure on the superstructure due to water on deck. The effect of grid resolution on the results is checked. With a fine grid, no obvious improvement is seen in the global body motions and impact pressures due to water on deck. It is concluded that highly nonlinear phenomena, such as distorted free surface, large-amplitude body motions, and violent impact flow, have been predicted successfully.     

基于精细数据处理的叠前深度偏移在琼东南盆地陵水凹陷坡折区的应用

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷,受坡折区崎岖海底和复杂地质构造的影响,导致该地区速度模型构建精度不高,从而严重影响到成像品质。针对坡折区的精确速度模型构建难题,首先采用组合多次波衰减、宽频处理、叠前信噪比增强等针对性处理技术,得到宽频带高信噪比的叠前数据,在此基础上统计分析不同水深速度规律,应用断控和地质约束速度建模技术,建立初始速度模型,然后利用基于宽频数据的高分辨断控约束网格层析反演技术,经过多次迭代完成深度域各向异性速度建模,并实现了陵水凹陷坡折区的高精度叠前深度偏移成像。叠前深度偏移成像显示,基于精细速度模型的叠前深度偏移技术科明显提高坡折区信噪比,改善成像质量,同时可有效消除地层同相轴扭曲的现象,恢复了地下地层的真实构造形态,从而可为目标评价与钻探决策提供更可靠地震资料。     

基于云模型的海岸脆弱性评估 ——以厦门岛为例

脆弱性评估很大程度上存在着模糊性和随机性,为有效解决评估过程中定性概念与评估指标按隶属函数定量描述这一不确定转换问题,本文基于云理论本文选取海岸地貌、海岸高程、海岸坡度、海岸缓冲能力、有效波高、道路价值和建筑价值为指标,构建了厦门岛海岸脆弱性评估指标体系,运用云模型评估手段定量测度了厦门岛海岸脆弱性空间分异特征。评估结果与客观情况比较吻合,检验了指标体系的合理性和评估模型的适用性。本文提出了海岸脆弱性综合评估模型,实用有效,可以推广到与厦门岛类似的区域,为海岸管理及规划提供科学指导。     

黑龙江省设备信息运维管理系统开发及功能实现

根据黑龙江省地震监测台站发展的需要,结合黑龙江省区域维修中心工作任务和技术系统的特点,通过对全省台站监测设备信息收集和整理,运用SQL、PHP、Web、My SQL数据库等计算机程序开发出一套基于Windows平台的设备信息运维管理系统(以下简称管理系统),实现了对全省地震监测设备信息的统一管理,实用性良好。介绍了管理系统的总体设计,包括总体架构设计、网页设计、数据库设计、前台网站功能模块设计和后台网站功能模块设计,以及部分设计实现代码。     

A Method to Estimate the Hydraulic Conductivity of the Ground by TRT Analysis

The knowledge of hydraulic properties of aquifers is important in many engineering applications. Careful design of ground‐coupled heat exchangers requires that the hydraulic characteristics and thermal properties of the aquifer must be well understood. Knowledge of groundwater flow rate and aquifer thermal properties is the basis for proper design of such plants. Different methods have been developed in order to estimate hydraulic conductivity by evaluating the transport of various tracers (chemical, heat etc.); thermal response testing (TRT) is a specific type of heat tracer that allows including the hydraulic properties in an effective thermal conductivity value. Starting from these considerations, an expeditious, graphical method was proposed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, using TRT data and plausible assumption. Suggested method, which is not yet verified or proven to be reliable, should be encouraging further studies and development in this direction.