西沙群岛生物碳酸盐的成因和沉积:来自活体仙掌藻的证据

A recent island survey reveals that the Xuande Atoll and the Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands can be classified into one of two systems: the depleted atoll system and growth atoll system; the survey also indicates that the decreased area of several shoals is an unbearable burden for the Xisha Islands, of which the largest island area is 2.13 km2 and the minimum elevation is 1.4 m. According to a survey on the ecological characteristics of Halimeda in the Laolongtou breaker zone of Shidao Island in the Xisha Islands, the green and white living Halimeda are collected,the isotopic ages of 14 C contained in the Halimeda are shown to be 27 years and 55 years, respectively, and carbonate mainly occurs in five types, i.e., luster, segment, sand, sand grain, and marl in the formation. The Halimeda segments mainly provide the carbonate sediments of long-term biogenic deposits in the reef environment and the annual productivity per area is 60–100 g/m2; the characteristics of the microstructure of the Halimeda are analyzed, the aragonite raphide carbonate is deposited and enriched in the cortexes, medullas and cysts, and the Halimeda generally contain major elements such as C, O, Ca, Cl, Mg, K, Na, S and Al, and are rich in trace elements such as tellurium(Te), rhodium(Rh) and strontium. It is believed that the Halimeda grow slowly,including the biotic community of reef corals in the reef areas, thus they possess an environmental remediation capacity, but it takes much time to remedy the environment, and it is necessary to make the law to protect the diversity and vulnerability of the Xisha marine ecology, the ecology of the reef community and the island environment in a scientific way. As indicated in the survey, under the background of global warming and sea-level rise, the discovery of large amounts of Halimeda in the Laolongtou sea area is significant for the natural increase of the depleted atoll system of the Xuande Atoll, while the Halimeda segments represent the primary form of the fossil Halimeda, of which the species can be identified and preserved in great numbers under geological conditions. The Miocene was discovered in large amounts in the Xichen-1 well, therefore the study on the characteristics and mechanism of Halimeda carbonate sediments plays a pivotal role in the formation and construction of organic reefs in the South China Sea as well as oil and gas exploration.     

Assessing the benthic quality status of the Bohai Bay (China) with proposed modifications of M-AMBI

Multivariate AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (M-AMBI) was designed to indicate the ecological status of European coastal areas. Based upon samples collected from 2009 to 2012 in the Bohai Bay, we have tested the response of variations of M-AMBI, using biomass (M-BAMBI) in the calculations, with different transformations of the raw data. The results showed that the ecological quality of most areas in the study indicated by M-AMBI was from moderate to bad status with the worse status in the coastal areas, especially around the estuaries, harbors and outfalls, and better status in the offshore areas except the area close to oil platforms or disposal sites. Despite large variations in nature of the input data, all variations of M-AMBI gave similar spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the ecological status within the bay, and showed high correlation between them. The agreement of new ecological status obtained from all M-AMBI variations, which were calculated according to linear regression, was almost perfect. The benthic quality, assessed using different input data, could be related to human pressures in the bay, such as water discharges, land reclamation, dredged sediment and drilling cuts disposal sites. It seems that M-BAMBI were more effective than M-NABMI (M-AMBI calculated using abundance data) in indicating human pressures of the Bay. Finally, indices calculated with more severe transformations, such as presence/absence data, could not indicate the higher density of human pressures in the coastal areas of the north part of our study area, but those calculated using mild transformation (i.e., square root) did.     

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尼泊尔Ms8.1地震构造背景及对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响

分析印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲带、尼泊尔Ms8.1地震震中区地震构造及地震发震构造,讨论主震对余震触发及余震的时空强特征和地震对周边地区地震活动趋势的影响。初步分析认为,主边界断裂为本次地震的发震构造,属于低角度逆冲断层地震;余震分布范围与震源破裂面积和方式基本一致,具有向东迁移的时空特征;西藏定日Ms5.9、聂拉木Ms5.3地震不属于尼泊尔地震余震,是应力扰动的结果;沿俯冲带向东至喜马拉雅东构造结是大震发生的危险地段。     

一种新的北斗Klobuchar模型及其精度分析

针对传统Klobuchar模型电离层延迟修正精度不高的问题,提出一种新的Klobuchar模型,以提高北斗导航系统的精度。利用欧洲定轨中心CODE的全球格网数据作为参考,使用松弛搜索法分别对覆盖中国区域的格网点和9个测站的观测数据进行算例分析。比较两种方法得出,新模型的修正精度相对于广播模型有大幅提高;新模型预报7d内的电离层时延值修正效果也比广播模型有明显改善;格网点上的平均修正精度从67.89%提高到78.44%,观测数据的平均修正精度从69.81%提升至82.34%。     

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Mechanical Properties and Permeability of Red Sandstone under Triaxial Compression

Geological disasters will happen in cold regions because of the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on rocks or soils, so studying the effects of these cycles on the mechanical characteristics and permeability properties of rocks is very important. In this study,red sandstone samples were frozen and thawed with 0,4, 8 and 12 cycles, each cycle including 12 h of freezing and 12 h of thawing. The P-wave velocities of these samples were measured, and the mechanical properties and evolution of the steady-state permeabilities were investigated in a series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. Experimental results show that, with the increasing of cyclic freeze-thaw times, the P-wave velocity of the red sandstone decreases. The number of freeze-thaw cycles has a significant influence on the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, and angle of internal friction. The evolution of permeability of the rock samples after cycles of freeze-thaw in a complete stress-strain process under triaxial compression is closely related to the variation of the microstructure in the rock. There is a highly corresponding relationship between volumetric strain and permeability with axial strain in all stages of the stress-strain behaviour.     

语素关联约束的动态环境视觉定位优化

在自动驾驶场景中,视觉相机能够实现低成本的定位与环境感知,但是场景中的动态目标会影响视觉定位的轨迹.对此,本文提出了语素关联约束的动态环境视觉定位优化方法.首先,利用目标检测和语义分割提取环境中的语义实体;然后,通过语素关联模型识别出动态语素;最后,建立动态语素的特征掩膜,用于特征匹配过程中的动态目标特征点过滤,从而提高视觉定位效果.本文基于视觉机器人平台在校园道路开展了试验,发现了动态目标通过关键点影响视觉定位结果的规律——在转弯时或者目标在视野中横向移动时影响较大.试验结果表明,本文方法的动态语义要素识别的平均精度F1约为87％,并且在语素关联优化前后,局部区域最大轨迹距离差为2.463 m,与真值对比RMSE降低了38％.     

多源遥感数据支持下的城市生态状况评价

城市生态环境监测具有数据来源广泛、监测要素复杂、服务对象多样等特点,整合可用的资源进行城市生态的综合监测成为目前关注的热点。本文利用高分辨率遥感影像,以及地表覆盖、城市边界等遥感产品,在现有遥感生态指数的基础上,结合黑臭水体指数,构建适合综合评估城市生态状况的集成遥感监测模型,实现对城市生态环境状态的多维度监测。该方法能够较准确客观地反映城市的生态环境质量,理论上补充了基于遥感数据的城市生态环境监测方法,可为城市生态环境监测的信息化建设提供技术支撑。     

集成学习和条件随机场的影像招弧角识别

无人机巡检是目前电力部门主推的一种巡检方式,招弧角是一种重要的电网设备、但其呈现细长的几何形状特征,其测量需要优于1 cm空间分辨率的影像.为了从无人机获取的高分辨率影像上提取招弧角,该文提出了基于随机森林、集成学习、全连接条件随机场的无人机影像分类和招弧角提取方法.首先,提取了影像的12个光谱和纹理特征.接着,建立训练样本库,训练了多个独立的随机森林分类器、并形成随机森林集成模型进行影像分类.最后,利用全连接条件随机场优化分类结果.该文采用5000张无人机影像进行了实验.实验表明,该文提出方法的整体分类精度达到85.5％,招弧角识别的正确率为98.3％、完整率为74.3％,表明该方法具有潜在的工程应用价值.     

基于ElasticSearch全文检索的农业地理信息大数据平台设计与实现

针对目前农业大数据平台地理要素纳入不足、研究尺度受限、搜索功能相对薄弱等问题,本文充分发挥了测绘部门自然地理要素数据精细、农业遥感监测数据精准、野外全景采样数据完整的优势,基于ElasticSearch搜索引擎,利用网络技术、电子地图技术与空间数据库技术设计并实现了全文检索的农业地理信息大数据平台,多角度、多维度、多层次精确地展示数据信息内容,为农业大数据的规律寻找、价值挖掘与有效利用提供了有力支撑.